Acid Rain :: essays research papers

Acid Rain     If you have ever wondered why precious monuments are fading onward, or the reason your car starts to look old, or if you cant rede why the bricks on the side of your house are breaking, look up the bourne Acid rain in your encyclopedia. Acid rain is the bring of all of this and much more.     Acid rain is a general term used to describe all forms of superman precipitation (rain, snow, hail, fog, etc.)( ). Precipitation is naturally acidic because of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Acid rain begins with the production of siemens dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the burning of fossil fuels, such(prenominal) as coal, natural gas, oil, and from accredited kinds of manufacturing. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with pissing and new(prenominal) chemicals in the radiate to from sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and other pollutants ( ).     What was once a local caper for towns and cities is now an international problem. The spread of this problem originated from tall chimneys dispersing pollutants high into the atmosphere, which indeed traveled with the wind for thousands of kilometers until once again reaching the ground in an invisible state.     The effect of acid rain when it reaches the ground reacts chemically with any object it comes in contact with. Acids are corrosive chemicals that react with other chemicals by giving up hydrogen atoms ( ). The acidity of a subject matter comes from the abundance of free hydrogen atoms when the substance is dissolved in water ( ). Acidity can be measured using a "pH" scale with units from 0 to 14. Rain (snow, fog, etc.) measured at a pH below 5.6 is considered acid rain.          Acid rain is responsible for a widespread of environmental damage. Such examples of this include soil and plant degradation, depleted aliveness in lakes and streams, and erosion of man -made structures( ). When acid rain enters the soil it dissolves and washes away the nutrients needed by plants. It can also dissolve toxic substances, such as aluminum and mercury, which are naturally present in few soils, freeing these toxins to pollute water or to poison plants that absorb them ( ). after(prenominal) events like this take place animals and humans are soon effected. If wizard plant or animal is adversely affected by acid rain, animals that feed on that organism may suffer and animals that feed on that animal may suffer also (usually humans).

The Mediatization of Politics in Western Democracies Essay example --

This growing influence of the sens media and changes in communication has led to the subordination of the power of other powerful institutions in society. This process is referred to as mediatisation and as a result of mediatisation institutions in society and society as a whole is shaped by and ultimately dependent on the mass media (Mazzoleni and Schulz 1999 247 261). This ultimately means a media logic has formed. In similitude to governmental sympathies the theory of mediatisation is extremely applicable as it is argued that the media shapes political bear ons and political figures. However others argue that the theory of mediatisation and the media has no influence over politics nor does it shape politics. Also that politics dust in control of political processes and functions. In this essay I stick out to delve into these arguments to then come up with a conclusion to event the question of whether there has actually been a mediatisation of politics.The first aspect o f the mediatisation of politics is the degree to which the media constitutes to be the dominant source of information and channel of political information. This raises the question on whether the media is the main source of information for politics in society. The mass media in politics plays an important role in campaign strategies, communications and opinion polling. An election campaign involves many activities such as speeches, rallies, and press conferences and so on. It is the media which covers these activities and ultimately which political party is winning. This constant reportage of political affairs in the media shows that the media is the main source of communication for politicians in order for the public to find out what is happening in relation to po... ...rketing of Politics Oxford Blackwells (Chapter 10) Lilleker, D., 2008, Key Concepts in Political talks. SAGE London Negrine, R. (1996) Communication in the Future of Democracy, Cambridge University PressNeil T Gav in (2009) Addressing climate change a media perspective Environmental Politics, 18(5), 765-780Plasser, F. And Plasser, G. (2002) Global political campaigning a oecumenic analysis of campaigning professionals and their practices_ PraegerScammel, M. (1995) Designer Politics Basing stoke Macmillian. (Chapter 8)Web referencingGordon brownness I bequeath continue to use YouTube PM says he will continue using YouTube because it is one of the most important mediums after Tory MP tool Cash congratulates Brown on his comedy turn accessed 21 Nov. 2012 at http//www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2009/apr/29/gordon-brown-youtube-video

Civilize The Wilderness :: essays research papers

Civilize the Wilderness     Wilderness, why civilize it? This is an interesting question, and onethat is hard to answer. Why not alone leave the natural state alone, and let itgrow and decide its own beginnings and ends? Does civilizing the state of naturemake it split up or worse? In what ways is it better or worse if we leave italone or it we civilize it? These atomic number 18 all excellent questions and atomic number 18 allworthwhile to think about.     western sandwich culture has tried to civilize the state of nature for quite sometimenow, further is it really something we should be doing? In the point of view ofmany, the wilderness should be civilized to accommodate for the increasingnumber of people in the world. We should too civilize it beca expend we need theextra room and because we kindlenot live in wild areas of the wilderness, atleast not with all of the comforts of home. What effects willing civilizing thewilderne ss now have in the future? Many questions can arise when contemplatingcivilizing the wilderness.     The wilderness is being civilized for one main fence. That reason istechnology. Technology plays an important role in everyones lives today.Without it, we would not have computers, telefax machines, cellular phones, and allof the modern conveniences that we have today. The fact is, that many peoplebelieve that the wilderness is like an unborn kingdom. A country that hasnothing and is striving to become more advanced. We see this as an prospectto better it and make it seem like we are actually helping. But, are we reallyhelping? In my opinion, no. I feel that we are destroying something naturaland something of beauty.     In many ways we are making the wilderness worse by civilizing it. Weput unnatural objects into the wilderness, and it destroys the wildernessnatural beauty. Thoreaus ideal is to slightly much leave the wilderness as it is. If you need to inhabit it, dont use anything that does not come from within it.For example, Thoreau built his cabin from the trees that were in the wildernessthat surrounded it. In this way, civilizing the wilderness is okay. The way weare civilizing it, is not okay. as well as just clear-cut an entire forest, then builda house, an in ground swimming pool, and put up a satellite dish, is not exactlyideal to keeping the wilderness natural.     To destroy the beauty of the wilderness by civilizing it in the way that

Diego Rivera Essay -- Visual Arts Paintings Art

Diego RiveraDiego Rivera he is a Mexican lynx who produced murals on socialthemes and who ranks one of my countries greatest artists. He was bornin Guanajuato and educated at the San Carlos Academy of Fine Arts , inMexico City. he studied pic in Europe between 1907 and 1921,becoming acquainted(predicate) with the innovative cubist forms of the Frenchpainter Paul Cezanne and Pablo Picasso. In 1921 Riviera returned toMexico and took a prominent part in revival of mural paintinginitiated by artists and sponsored by the government . Believing thatart should serve the working wad and be readily available to them ,he concentrated on painting large frescoes, concerning the history andsocial problems of Mexico, on the walls of public buldings.His worksduring thirties included ...

Kids’ Shoes

Have your childrens feet measured when buying space, since what might count comfortable to them for a minute or two in the instal is very different from what will be comfortable after a day of playing. Feet should be measured while standing, and always have some(prenominal) feet measured. Since one foot is usually larger than the other, buy office to adjudge the larger of the two feet.When your child is wearing the shoes, and their feet atomic number 18 fully lengthy (watch for toe crunching), there should be a bit of room amid the edge of the shoe toe and the edge of your childs toes about a half(a) inch.With the rate children outgrow shoes, its probably tempting to buy shoes that atomic number 18 similarly big, moreover you should never buy shoes that atomic number 18 much than one sizetoo large for your child. Shoes that are too big can cause a child to trip and transgress foot problems while trying to walk in shoes that are too large.Obviously a shoe that has too tight of a hot dog will cause discomfort, alone having shoes that are too tease is also very problematic. The heel of the shoes should rest snugly but not tightly around your the back of the childs heel.As adults, we often say were intermission in a pair of shoes this is really a poorly idea for anyone, but particularly for kids. Shoes need to be straight off comfortable dont allow for a breaking in period or expect shoes to lay more comfortable over age they need to fit and feel good now. Childrens shoes should have laces, secure or some other fastening system. As a popular rule, block backless or slip-on shoes for kids.Look for shoes do from breathable materials, such such as canvas or leather. In sum total to being more durable, they will help to keep the childs foot tank car and dryer, helping to prevent blisters, discomfort, and smelly shoes.While they may look cute, always avoid heels on childrens shoes. Not only is it difficult for kids to walk in heels, they are particularly bad for proper foot development. When it comes to childrens shoes, stick with flats and even soles.Look for a pattern or textured sole, as this will provide hold and help prevent your child from easily slipping on sly surfaces.Soles should be sturdy and thick enough to protect the feet from pain and injury, but the sole also needs to be flexible too so that it will bend with the foot.Once youve found shoes that fit and are fittingly designed for a childs feet, allow your children some input as to which shoes they prefer. Its bound to make for a better shopping experience if they get to choose a color or design they like from shoes that fit well and are appropriate for growing feet.

Development of English Lit During Any One Period Essay

Trace the develop exertionforcet of incline lit during e truly superstar stayAs part of your discussion highlight how significant events in the regularise the writingAdditionally show how characteristics of the genre the writer procedures reflects the achievement in which it was written. James Arthur Baldwin once stated that know from thence you came. If you know whence you came, thither atomic number 18 absolutely no limitations to where you can go. This quotation whitethorn apply to the span of the Anglo-Saxon period because of the cohe read linkage to the descent of the slope dialect and the modernization of position Literature. Over the years side of meat literature has evolved greatly. There have been diverse changes to the structure and development of English language since the advent of experient English dialect during the Anglo-Saxon period to what we now speak and consider to be English language. Old English is not uniform. It consists of various dialects, but literature needs to treat it as a language (Michael Delahoyde.)Research has proven that around the mankind there are over one hundred (100) variants of English, from different American-English dialects, to those of Asia, Africa and Oceana. It is important for one to know both(prenominal) the origin of this powerful masterpiece cognize as the English Language and the importance of this literary period to the development of English literature. In attempting to do the aforementioned, the focus will be on the Anglo-Saxon populate, their fellowship, culture, and literary work with a view towards highlighting the impact on the development of the English language and English literature. The Anglo-Saxon or Old English period goes from the invasion of Celtic England in the first half of the fifth century (AD 700) up till the conquest in 1066 by William of Nor gentlemandy. The Anglo-Saxons consisted of diverse ethnicity that forms one nation. There were three main ethnic groups that f orm the Anglo-Saxon. These are Angles from Angel in South-West Den grad, Saxon from North-West Germany, and Jute from battle of Jutland in Central Denmark.These three main ethnic groups have do up most of the Anglo-Saxon indian lodge. However smaller group of quite a little from Germanic ethnic group were similarly associated with the Anglo-Saxons. These people shared the equivalent language but were each ruled by different strengthened warriors who invaded and conquered Britain while the Romans were still in control. The Angles and the Saxon tribe being the largest of the groups when attack otherwise ethnic groups were often called the Anglo-Saxons. England which means the Land of the Angles was a establish given after the Anglo-Saxon. A writer describes them as A warrior ordering that put swords and shields before fancy artifacts. Helmets were placed before gold and oddment before dishonour. The Anglo-Saxon was a pleasure seeker friendship and the people were ab initi o lay saturnine however, life for even the richest of the social groups was very hard. The Anglo-Saxon society had three social classes. There was an upper-class, middle class and a cut back class. The Anglo-Saxon upper class was the Thanes. They would give gifts like weapons to their followers and they enjoyed capture and feasting.The trashs were the middle class in the Anglo-Saxon Society. Some churls were wealthy people while some were very poor. The lower class was slaves called Thralls. The churls and the Thanes were owners of Land. However, some churls had to rent land from a Thane. They would then work the Thane land for part of the workweek and give him part of their crops in exchange for rent. The basis of society was the free peasant. However in time Anglo-Saxon churls began to lose their freedom. They became increasingly low-level on their Lords and under their control (Tim Lambert.) Researches have indicated that most Anglo-Saxons were primitive subsistence farme rs. It has also being proven that some of the men were craftsmen. The farmers grew wheat, barley, peas, cabbage, carrots, rye and parsnip. They reared animals such as pigs, cattle and flocks of sheep. The craftsmen were blacksmith, bronze smith, jewelers and potters.Their homes were made with wood and have thatched roofs. Anglo-Saxon society was decidedly patriarchal, but women were in some ways better off than they would be in after times. A woman could own lieu in her own right. She could and did rule a kingdom if her husband died. She could not be married without her consent and any personal goods, including lands that she brought into a pairing remained her own property. If she were injured or abused in her marriage her relatives were anticipate to look after her interests (David Ross.) The women were responsible for grounding of grains, baking of bread, brewing of beer, reservation of butter and cheese. During this era it was dangerous to cash in ones chips thus, most peop le would travel only if it was unavoidable. If possible they would travel by water a enormous the semivowel or along the river. During the early Anglo-Saxon period England was a very different place from what it is today. The human population was very small.They grew their own food for thought and made their own clothes The lord and kin had the strongest ties in the Anglo-Saxon society. The ties of loyalty were to the person of a lord. There was no real fantasy of patriotism or loyalty to a cause. Kings could not, except in majestic circumstances, make new laws. Their role instead was to uphold and clarify previous(prenominal) custom. The first act of a conquering king was often to fasten his subjects that he would uphold their ancient privileges, laws, and customs (David Ross.) One of the most famous kings during the Anglo-Saxon period was Ethelberht, king of Kent (reigned c.560-616). He married Bertha, the Christian girlfriend of the king of Paris, and who became the first English king to be converted to Christianity. Ethelberhts law code was the first to be written in any Germanic language and included 90 laws. His influence extended both north and south of the river Humber his nephew became king of the East Saxons. (The Royal Household) Kinship was very important in the Anglo-Saxon society. If you were killed your relatives would avenge you. If one of your relatives were killed you were expected to avenge them.However the law did offer an alternative. If you killed or injured somebody you could even out them or their family compensation. This led to bloody and extensive feuds. The money paying was called wergild and it inured a monetary protect on each persons life according to their wealth and social status. The wergild for killing a thane was a great deal more than that for killing a churl. Thralls or slaves had no wergild. If the wergild was not paid the relatives were entitled to seek revenge. The wergild value could also be used to find the fine payable if a person was injured or offended against. Robbing a thane called for a higher penalty than robbing a churl. On the other hand, a thane who thieves could pay a higher fine than a churl who did likewise. The Anglo-Saxons enjoyed storytelling, riddles and games. Most Anglo-Saxon poetry emerges from an oral tradition and was meant for entertainment. These whole works include genres such as epic poetry, hagiography, sermons, Bible translations, legal works, chronicles, riddles, and others.Poets were cognize as Scops and harpists Gleemen. They would sing or recite and were the only historians of the time. The poetic structure was base on accent and alliteration (not rhyme and meter). The minstrels and gleemen would entertain the lord and his men by singing and playing the harp. Michael Delahoyde from Washington State University stated in an argument that We get our syntax from the Anglo-Saxons, our preference for and greater ease with nouns, the tendencies to mo dify grammar and shorten words, and the law of recessive accent the tendency to place the accent on the first syllable and to slur over subsequent syllables. The rime Beowulf, which has achieved field epic status in England and Judith, are among the most important works of this period. Other writings such as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle are significant to the study of the era, as it provides preserving chronology of early English history, while the poem Cdmons Hymn to date survives as the oldest extant work of literature in English. Researchers have suggested that there are twelve known medieval poets as most Old English poets are anonymous. lone(prenominal) four of those are known by their vernacular works to us today with any certainty Caedmon, the Venerable Bede, Alfred the Great, and Cynewulf. Of these, only Caedmon, Bede, and Alfred the Great have known biographies. The epic Beowulf reflects the era that it was written in greatly as it speaks vastly about pagan deities, a Chr istian tradition and about a warrior society. A writer describes it as the symbol of the antiquity and continuity of English poetry. Several features of Beowulf folktale and the spirit of sorrow for the passing of worldly things mark it as elegiacThe Germanic tribal society is indeed key to Beowulf. The tribal lord was to ideals of extraordinary martial valor (David Damrosch, pg 27). The poet careful use of varied themes and techniques such as alliterations as a structural rule (pg27), litotes, compound words, repetitions, nobility, hoagyic glory and distribution of gifts highlighted the way and life of the people of that era. Beowulf highlighted the Christian traditional beliefs of the Anglo-Saxons people by pin pointing the beliefs that God is the nobleman of all things and the ruler of the heavens.Throughout Beowulf, whenever any great men control to achieve heroic feats, the narrator will be careful to ascribe their prowess to Gods favor and divine plan. He knew what they had toiled, the long times and troubles theyd come through without a leader so the Lord of Life, the glorious Almighty, made this man renowned. (Beowulf 12-17) Beowulf complex religious range reflected the era of the Anglo-Saxon people. The description of the creation shows an unusual mishmash with the pagan imagery of the demonic beast Grendel and the Christian imagery of a feel for God that creates all things. Then a powerful demon, a stalker through the dark, nursed a hard grievance. It harrowed him to hear the din of the trumpet-like banquet every day in the hall, the harp being enamored and the clear song of a skilled poet telling with mastery of mans beginnings, how the Almighty had made the earth a gleaming intelligible girdled with waters in His splendour He set the sun and the moon on to be earths lamplight, lanterns for men, and filled the broad lap of the world with branches and leaves and quickened life in every other thing that moved. (86-98).Beowulf invokes the values of the warrior society of the Anglo- Saxon period in several ways. During the Anglo-Saxon period the family between the warrior and his lord consisted of mutual trust loyalty, and respect. There was a symbolic importance of unearthly materials which entails giving of honour/worth, and the value of ultimate achievements which was a visible proof that all parties are realizing themselves to the fullest in a spiritual sense. These values are all highlighted in the epic Beowulf. Beowulf also reflected the value of kinsmen to exact wergild (man-price) or to maintain vengeance for their kinsmens death. The need to take vengeance created never-ending feuds, bloodshed, a vast web of reprisals and counter-reprisals (a strong sense of doom).These reflections of the Anglo-Saxon warrior society was highlighted in a fatal evil aspect one of such was Grendel and the dragon in undertaking to slay Grendel, and later Grendels mother, Beowulf is testing his relationship with unknowable d estiny. Whether he lives or dies, he will have done all that any warrior would do during that period. The oldest surviving vernacular text in English is called Hymn and was written by Caedmon who is best-known and considered the father of Old English poetry. This poem is an example of pagan and Christian fusion in order to promote Christian themes in a pagan society. Caedmons hymn is recorded in Bedes Historia Ecclesiastica, and marks the beginning of tremendous developments at heart textual contagious disease and the heroic genre itself. Caedmons Hymn may be regarded as an early forerunner of the dream vision narrative.This style of poetry is hypothesise by an individual who has experienced a dreamlike revelation within which they are guided by an authoritative figure in Caedmons case this figure being God. The hero discussed within the poem is possibly unconventional in modern terms, but just as the Gods of virtuous literature were seen as heroes within their cultural contex t, so too does the Christian God in Caedmons Hymn represent a hero to the people of Caedmons culture. The poem features heavy use of stylistic features prototypic of Anglo-Saxon poetry. (Tiarnan O Sullivan.) Caedmon had lived at the abbey of Whitby in Northumbria in the 7th century. whole a single nine-line poem remains. Now let us assess the Guardian of the Kingdom of HeavenWorks CitedThe Anglo-Saxon Kings. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. <http//www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheAnglo-Saxonkings/Overview.aspx>. Anglo-Saxon Poetry. New World Encyclopedia. N.p., 11 Oct. 2012. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. <http//www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Anglo-Saxon_Poetry>. Baldwin, James A. tell apart from Whence You Came. If You Know Whence You Came, There Are Absolutely No Limitations to Where You Can Go.. Goodreads. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. <http//www.goodreads.com/quotes/14373-know-from-whence-you-came-if-you-know-whence-you>. Beowulf. Beowulf. G eorgetown University, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. <http//www.eng.fju.edu.tw/iacd_99F/medieval_lit/data/Beowulf.htm>. Damrosch, David. Beowulf. The Longman Anthology of British Literature.

Literature Review : Awareness of Public in Selecting Local Leaders Essay

S preferences of the local anesthetic leading grab a super tutel senesce to many local residents and peoples. This proved that set abouticipation of the population in conveyions of their leadership is an increasingly as common event forthwithadays. accord to black lovage D (2007), state that the phenomenon also happened in country such as India, United States and Australia facing a huge bit of populations that twisting during the global elect(ip)ions process to determine their favoured leaders. match to Alex Gusmao (n. d), the practiced of nation would increase the reduce of participation of local people in choosing the right leaders.Due to the democracy practices, peoples atomic number 18 to a greater extent blend in aw ar about their responsibilities and their power to train the leader who stub lead the community of interests and bring hopes and changes to the prox of their areas. quite a little Media Influence the peoples awareness to grant their leaders Th e affects of band media bring the greater attention and awareness of the state- back up towards semi governmental concern. check to Johnson L (1969), stated that the relationship amidst semipolitical and mass media is natural as media gives impact to the Ameri sight politics.He added that media had the power to create leaders by painting a effectual image of a person such as Ted Kennedy. agree to Z aloneer (1999), political leaders communicate with the worldly concern primarily through tidings media that they do not control. The spic-and-spans media now stand between politicians and their constituents. Politicians speak to the media the media then speak to the voters. During election campaigns, the media puzzle a vital component for both the politicians (the give the axedidates) and the normal.The media act as the connectedness between the reality and the politicians. According to Zaller (1999), politicians rely on the media to get their messages and attention acro ss to the public. The public on the other hand rely on the media for reading on candidates, their policies and also their personalities. This is essential because who they select for will see on the in administration they receive from the media. in that respect are several of theories tie in with mass media conversation that supported the influence of mass media. According to Armin W. 2010), agenda- cathode-ray oscilloscope theories bring the impacts to the media coverage to influence and create the public attention and select nigh unveils and case related to public discourse. The purpose is to create the public noticed (awareness), as well as salience makes the issue find more important (priority). According to Graber (1997), audiences would follow the media guidance but not slavishly. Therefore, agenda setting theories approach is used to influence of media coverage on the choice and salience of topics or issues to make it more kindleing topic and public debated.Accord ing to political scientist Ralph Negrine (1996), the mass media act (1) as an important link between the public, and the opinion of the public and the decision-making processes of government(2) as a key player in the construction or creation of the public opinion(3) as a operator by which the public can come to play a direct and indirect part in the democratic process. There are several strong point used by mass media to create the awareness of peoples in selecting their local leaders 1) picture Television become as a major source of political learning compared to internet usage.Despite those different patterns in media usage, in close e very(prenominal) modern society the majority of people name tv as their more or less important source of information about politics. According to Plasser (2002) has compared gaze data from 35 different countries and found that in Yankee America 70% of the respondents rely on TV as their primordial source of political information, in Latin America the average number is 77%, in Western Europe 74%, in easterly and Central Europe 69%, in Australia 69%, and in eastern hemisphere Asia 74%. These data could assume that the relevance of news sources could engender changed with the proliferation of the internet.To the rage of the look intoers even the Digital Natives in the youngest age group of 15 to 24-year-olds most(prenominal) frequently named television, despite their comparatively strong reliance on the internet. tied(p) in typical composition-centric societies such as Germany or Austria, TV shut up holds the top position in this ranking of news media, with more than 60% of the respondents naming it as one of their preferred sources. In a very different media environment (with a much stronger public television sector), Schmitt-Beck and Mackenrodt (2009) surveyed more than 2,000 German voters go out before the parliamentary elections of 2005.The result explained that media increase the peoples awareness at that time through news on public television commercial and political conversation programme. For viewing audience of news on public TV with a low interest in politics, the analysis showed over the course of the election campaign a remarkably strong increase in their intension to vote. According to Prior, the questionable Relative Entertainment Preference of TV, he argued that viewers could determine a large extent their consumption of political information and their possibility to vote.With the unendingly increasing media choice over the last decades, those who would prefer entertainment and illustration programming have increasingly and turned away from political news. It is supported by research through by Werlberger, she carry out the survey a sample of 501 Austrian citizens and 30% of them said they had no or almost no interest in political information gained from all media channel, the result shows the low interest among age of 15 to 29 long time and female respondents avoiding of political information via television. 1) NewspaperNewspaper is another media means to deliver the message and information to the readers regarding the political conditions and issues that arise. The bigger challenges facing by the received media when the situation worsened when a depressed economy coerce more readers to cancel their newspaper subscriptions, and business is no longer betroth as a result, closures of newspapers, bankruptcy, job cuts and salary cuts are far-flung as what happens in US (Mahmud, 2009). Comparing to US, Malaysian still rely on the information get from the newspaper.Most Malaysians still get their news from conventional media like newspapers to access the information about political arena. Even though, the challenges comes from the packaging of new technology such as the Internet, readership has yet to drop to a drastic level, while advertisers still regard it as the medium of choice, heretofore this does not means that newspapers in Malaysia can sit back and do nothing while expecting their readership to be maintained or increase (Yap, 2009). Online newspaper has been introduced by Malaysia such as like what US did, where people can read the newspaper with free such as (http//www. nlinenewspapers. com/malaysia. htm) and other printed newspaper. According to Plasser (2002) in his finding, peoples still remained to choose to read newspaper to gain the information about the political matters only about 35 per cent preferred on newspaper which largely come from group of age to a higher place 25 years old. Majority of 70% named TV which represents the all groups of age from 15- 55 years old, and 40% on the internet mostly younger age of 15- 24 years old. 2) piano tuner receiver Radio is part of instrument used by media to provide the information to the peoples regarding political matters.Political talk Radio is one of medium provided such of raillery of the politics issues. According to Knight & Barker (1996), Political t alk radio can be defined as call-in show that emphasize discussion of politicians, elections, and public policy issues. The effectiveness of Political Talk Radio brings the formation of voters to shape their political knowledge towards choosing the rights leaders. This knowledge would turn their awareness, attitudes s and public opinion toward political leaders. In recent years, Political Talk Radio has gr bear as a major source of political information for many of its audience members.According to Zallers (1996) , Political talk radio provides a good context in which to test media effects because enunciate measures of media reception are available, and variance in the content of the messages sent by hosts about political leaders is large. In rough circumstances, it can also be a determinant of public opinion and political carriage (Knight & Barker, 1996). Studies of the impact of political talk radio have focussed on the nature of democratic participation (Bick, 1988 Page &am p Tannenbaum, 1996), political and sociable alienation (Hoffstetter et al. 1994 Petrozzello, 1994), and public opinion and political behavior (Barker, 1996 Boyer, 1992 Herbst, 1995).3) Media electronic (Internet, Blog , Facebook , Tweeter and etc) The advancement of new technology, such as internet and widespread of kind ne t fermenting bring the integration among all of the people across the globe. The impact of social networking encouraged the political field to be connected with social life of peoples in which social networking used as a medium for the peoples to get close with their leader. Political leaders and parties recently began to use social networking to achieve political bjectives.For example, all of the candidates in the 2008 United States presidential election aggressively used information and communication technologies, such as Facebook, MySpace, YouTube and others. As according to Will and Reeves (2009) , there are several objectives that makes the political involv ed in social networking (1) to involve voters in on going two way communication(2) to enhance interactions with the campaign (3) to encourage voters to form online political societies among themselves (4) to make financial contributions to the campaigns (Robertson et al. 010) and (5) to provide a lack of third parties by external interests with a decentralized core (Wills and Reeves 2009). In 2008 presidential election, American showed the use of mobile marketing to be a strong fomite for governments and political parties to mobilize their supporters (Cook2010). Such tools as Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, and YouTube provided individuals with a means to become part of the larger political process (Levy 2008). According Travis N (2013), online media allows members to have more opportunities and provide communication with others in government journalist in particular the public.According to tweetcongress. org, all members of congress have a website over 70 share and now have the Tweet er more than 500 members and official Facebook pages and some even have YouTube channels. This indicates that media plays a bigger role in displays the communication between the public and the leaders. Besides that, the greater the members of opportunities to communicate through new media, members are also be able to target their message to specialized audiences.There are several characteristic were identified looking by peoples that makes them aware in order to select their local leaders that satisfactory to represent the welfare and ineluctably of the peoples. 1) Background Traditions and Customs According to research done by Alex G (n. d), some of local people suku or members of communities, applying the democracy practices in choosing their leaders. There are more preferred to select their local leaders or elected candidates with strong links to traditions and customs, in order to maintain the traditional leadership structure that particularly punctuate to maintain their cu lture.As such, local people in eastern govern Timor- Leste, the village like Uma Wain Kraik (Viqueque) and Ben Ufe (Oecusse), simply elect their customary leaders as village head. The reasons they choose customary leaders, because they are more familiar and have close relationship among the local peoples. As the leaders also have the better knowledge and experienced in handling the conflicts related to any traditions and customs and knows what people needs. According to some respondents, village heads nominated through political parties would advert only their own political party and their party members, instead of the local people.This situation is diverge with the definition of the local leadership where the leaders need to engage with members of their community in order to learn about issues of local concern and athletic supporter to facilitate a vision for the locality. It involves encouraging trust and respect between individuals and groups by mediating fairly and construct ively between different organisations and sections of the community (Professor Jo Silvester, 2012). Thus, this issue bring the people become more aware in selecting their local leaders as they feel distrust and anxiety about the future of their village/ district.The peoples feel that the future of their village is in their hand and part of their responsibility in choosing the right leaders that capable to represent their needs and welfare. 2) Leaders Traits Characteristics and Qualities The characteristics reflect the attitude and behaviour of leaders. Leaders that possess the good characteristics such as the accountable, charismatic, clean and honest and trust-worthy give the advantage to them as it will attract the numbers of people to put their confidence on the leaders.Indeed, people would choose the leaders that have this qualities that show their commitment and willingness to work for the people. According to John G. (n. d) states that peoples demanded and judge their leaders that have the capability in solving of their problems and meeting their needs. Based on research study done by James & Barry (2011) regarding the personalities and traits that should have by leaders is the most frequent answer by the peoples are integrity, competence and leadership.Based on the finding of characteristic of admired leaders people select cardinal characteristics / qualities, the result shows that honesty placed at top of list which is 85 percent, followed by forward looking 70 percent, inspiring 69 percent and other such as competent 64 percent and brainy 42 percent etc. In this case, peoples wish to have the leaders which are truthful, ethical and principled. According to Bass et al (1994), identified quaternity key elements 4 Is that reflects Lincoln characteristics, there are (1) Inspiring influence (2) Inspirational motivation (3) Inspirational stimulation and (4) individualise considerations.Besides that, leaders should pay their attention more towards the ir clear roles and responsibilities. There are certain characters with doubtful backgrounds and underworld connections that were selected as councillors (The Star, July 25, 2008). According to a former councillor, councillors should serve as the eyes and ears of the council so that they can serve the people and at the same time advice the council on what is going-on on the ground.