Eating Disorders Research paper Essay

consume distempers be considered critical attitudes, emotions, and control behaviors. Minimized aliment inhalant, e rattlingwhere name, and the perceptions of eubstance image, adjuret, and shape atomic number 18 somewhat examples. in that location throw out be contri moreovering factors and influences that develop the idea of an prepare complaint. There are deuce-ace types of take in ailments, riot alimentation disorder, anorexia nervosa, and binge-eating syndrome nervosa. The deuce some super C forms are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. correspond to the matter ingest Disorder familiarity, 25% of girls 12-18 years old were reported to be engaged in rugged food and system of encumbrances behavior And in men and boys, according to the website nimh.nih.gov, bingle in four pre boyish cases of Anorexia occurs in boys, and fill-alimentation disorder affects females and males virtu completelyy as.While the causes arent concise, some contributions stub be cultural, personal characteristics, reach topics or life substitutes, family, peers, and media. Individuals of natural notion self-esteem or observeing delusive terminate be a defective contribution. For most adolescents they tend to compare themselves to differents and they rump develop an alimentation disorder because of this aspect. For example if their friends have an take in disorder they whitethorn develop one because they want to paroxysm it. some adolescents can develop an eating disorder from a stressful take downt much(prenominal) as teasing, transition from middle school to high school, or a more traumatic event like rape. Families can even endure to a teen developing an eating disorder. If parents are trash a lot or may be considering divorce, this can be stressful and some adolescents extendle it by not eating or induce vomiting as a means to obtain lock over their parents in the household or gain back the attention.If the adolescent seems to intent like their life is spiraling out of go, they may feel like an eating disorder is a way to gain that control back. Also family studies show that anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorders do dispose in families. The heritability of anorexia nervosa is around 60%, and of bulimia nervosa can be 28 and 80%. For binge eating disorder currently it is 41%. According to some studies conducted acrosscountries eating disorders can be influenced by transmitted factors. Another large contribution to eating disorders is our societal views. According to the interior(a) Eating Disorder Association, we develop these ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about what is acceptable according to our culture.To lay this into perspective if our culture says your beautiful when you skinny, then some people take that if theyre not skinny, they arent beautiful. Essentially since girls are generally precious for their port, they are likely the ones to internalize this idea into t heir thought process. The media as substantially plays a role in the cultural and societal acceptance. A couple of examples that are very common are models and impression stars. Most often models are in every magazine, on every billboard, and in most commercials. still T.V. shows like Americas Next Top Model gives nipperren at a young age what the idea of beautiful is. Most movie stars arent over lean, which generally can contribute to both males and females being self-conscious about what the i regard appearance should be.There are lead kinds of aspects that deal with the development of an eating disorder behavioral, mental, and sensible. The National Eating Disorder Association explains the more we focus on thoughts and feelings of our weight and how we look the more we may be missing out on life overall. When we focus on weight and body image, it can be have it away an obsession, which can contribute to stimulated and physical issues. The mental aspect of an eating disorde r focuses on the trust of yourself or your self- esteem. Self-esteem and body image both go hand in hand when it comes to ones body. Eating disorders not and deal with the mental and behavioral aspects, but those of physical as well up can contribute. Anorexia and Bulimia can lead to serious health problems such as kidney failure, heart problems, dehydration, and in excessive cases malnutrition, which can lead to remnant. A study by the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders reported that, The mortality evaluate associated with Anorexia nervosa is twelve successions higher than the death rate associated with all causes of death for females 15-24 years old. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which results in thinness through starving.It has the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder, although we know little about the causes of this disorder. Generally the standard cause of death allow ins both make of starvation and suicide. This is disorder is as well as known as a visible eating disorder, because most are noticeably thin, although some hide their thinness with big clothes or wearing layers. During this time this item-by-item is not maintaining a normal or healthy weight for their age, height, or gender. Anorexia nervosa tends to have two forms first being starvation or restricting. These souls sign their caloric intake and increase physical activity to maintain an abnormally pocket-size weight. When your body goes into starvation mode, it can alter your body. The second form is either binge eating, purification, or can be both.When anorexia nervosa is in its ahead of time stage these behaviors were seen in over half of the individuals. During anorexia nervosa a person can come to weigh less than 85% of the ideal body weight. Anorexia tends to occur during early adolescence or 10-12 years old. People who suffer from anorexia suffer from not only physical illness, but psychiatric too. virtually include cognitive impairment, body-checking, low self-esteem, self-absorption, ritualistic behaviors, extreme perfectionism, and self-consciousness. The two most common psychiatric illnesses with anorexia are falling off and anxiety. Some physical symptoms that may occur or develop over time are electrolyte imbalances (sodium and potassium levels), osteoporosis (decreased bone density), lanugo hair, dry brittle hair, low body temperature, low blood pressure, slowed heart rate, growth retardation, bloating, constipation, fid drawing, and loss of tooth decorate and dentin, and dehydration.However, the official diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in females requires the absence of menstruation (amenorrhea), for at to the lowest degree three consecutive months. The deficiency of menstruation is a normal response to starvation and weight loss and the body will then leave off down the reproductive functions. Treatment plans of Anorexia nervosa often depend on the individuals needs which may includ e medical care and supervision, nutritional counseling and therapy. If they have had severe weight loss, hospitalization is essential to get them back to an appropriate weight. This individual will need assistance in developing new patterns of thought process in their eating patterns. The earlier detected the less sermon necessary. Depending on the individual and the amount of time they have had the eating disorder treatment can take a short or long period of time. Each person varies in the recovering process of the disorder.According to the NationalAssociation of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, Only 1 in 10 men and women with eating disorders receive treatment. Only 35% of people that receive that treatment for eating disorders get treatment at a specialized facility for eating disorders. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that is characterized by a binge and purge pattern. Unlike Anorexia, people who have Bulimia can be at a normal weight range, but still have that fear of weight gain and they are generally very unhappy with their body image, shape, and size. It is also an invisible eating disorder, because individuals are usually of normal weight or over-weight. It can be difficult to place a caloric intake on a binge, but most agree around 1,000 calories is the minimum however it can be up to 20,000 calories. Bulimia, unlike Anorexia, usually occurs during late adolescence or early adulthood, about 18-22 years old. These individuals persistently follow the pattern of binging in faction with some form of compensatory behavior, which is intended to reverse the effects of the binge or prevent weight gain.Compensatory behaviors include actions such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other agents, fasting, and excessive exercise. The behavior of Bulimia may not be obvious because they do it in secrecy, because they feel a sense of take down and sickness of what they did. This pattern of binging and purging most likely occurs several propagation a week. Some data addresses a possibleness that individuals born later on 1960 are at greater risk for the disorder, because it is more of a moderne occurrence than anorexia. Usually more common in urban areas which suggests that environmental exposure and social learning play a role in the development of this disorder. This disorder is 9 times more common in females than males. Coincidentally, people with Bulimia also have psychiatric and physical aspects. It is estimated that 80% of individuals with bulimia have another psychiatric disorder.The psychiatric features are depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, extreme perfectionism, self-consciousness, irritability, madcap spending, shoplifting, and may or may not have substance abuse problems, although the most common are anxiety disorders, study depression, substance use, and personality disorders. The two most common personality features those like to those who have anorexia nervosa, perfectionism and low self-esteem. People with bulimia are likely to be more impulsive and have higher stimulus or sensation-seeking behavior. They also have atendency to exhibit more erratic and impulsive traits. Some physical symptoms of bulimia include dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, kidney problems, inflamed sore pharynx from purging, acid reflux, swollen parotid glands, gastrointestinal complications, irregular menstruation, constipation, bloating, sensitive and decaying teething and tooth enamel from stomach acids. Like Anorexia the treatment for Bulimia is essential for the individuals health. For Bulimia there are a few more options such as reducing or ending the binging or purging pattern, nutritional counseling, and cognitive behavioral therapy, prescribing medication, and accessing reasons for the illness. astir(predicate) 70% of people who have the disorder of Bulimia recover from it. According to the DSM the criteria is specific for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. However , most people who have eating disorders do not meet the criteria. There is a antithetical way of diagnosing these particular individuals which is by the Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS). According to the textbook, Abnormal psychology the DSM-IV lists six examples of how the symptoms of EDNOS differ from those of the other disorders. Patients may have 1. all features of anorexia nervosa shut out amenorrhea. 2. all features of anorexia nervosa chuck out drastic weight loss. 3. all criteria for bulimia nervosa except frequency of binge eating or purging or era of 3 months. 4. regular, inappropriate compensatory behavior after eating small amounts of food. 5. chaw and spitting out food (purging disorder). 6. binge eating disorder (binging without compensatory behavior. bacchanal eating disorder is characterized by regular binge eating behaviors, but without the compensatory behaviors. overindulge eating disorder or hindquarters is a late addition to the DSM, and is not yet an official psychiatric disorder. Since it was a new-fashioned addition little is known about its morbidity and mortality. Some look for indicates that a person can be ill with BED for well-nigh 14.4 years which may suggest that BED is not just a temporary stage. The two most common forms of psychiatric disorders are depression and anxiety like most other eating disorders. Of females 3.5% meet the criteria of BED and of males 2%. BED is also found in approximately 5 to 8% of obese individuals. Eating disorders in females and males as discussed are not generally similar. In anorexia nervosa women and girls are more common to have this disorder than men and boys, basically the ratio being 9 to 1. Many different theorieshave been presented as to why it affects women more than men. The most efficient theory is believed to be the increase pressure on females to have the ideal appearance or the perfection of the female body. Even though bulimia nervosa is also approximately 9 to 1, women to men can be somewhat sex-biased. hands tend to rely on nonpurging forms of compensatory behavior after binge eating, sort of use excessive exercise. It is male athletes that feel pressured to remain thin and fit and focus on their weight and body shape excessively. For binge eating disorder the sex ratio is equally balanced. The developmental factors of eating disorders can assist in determining the causes as well. In anorexia nervosa it generally red carpet(prenominal) during childhood, although it is occurring increasingly. Bulimia nervosa is usually seldom conveyed before puberty. In anorexia nervosa the disorder itself and the associated symptoms can lead to isolation from peers and family. It can also have negative effects on the family emotionally and financially. The parents especially undergo extreme anxiety and manage to understand why their children are doing this to themselves and their body. All this stress and financial difficulties with the write do wn of treatment can weaken or ruin a familys functioning. For bulimia girls who develop mature figures earlier than their peers may develop disappointment, which can lead to earlier experimentation to design controlled eating and weight, which could very well increase the risk of an eating disorder.Binge eating generally begins in late adolescence or early adulthood. There are many treatments for eating disorders, the treatment addresss for individuals with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder differ somewhat, although there are some aspects in common. The treatment goal of anorexia nervosa are increased caloric intake and weight gain so later treatments for psychological aspects of this disorder can be dealt with more effectively. For bulimia nervosa the focus is on the normalization of eating, elimination of binge eating and purging, and improvement of the psychological aspects of the disorder as well. For binge eating disorder individuals who are overweig ht the goal is to elimination of binge eating and normalization of eating. Also either weight stabilization or weight loss can be effective. In anorexia nervosa inpatient treatment can be accomplished by having a disciplined team to succeed.The first and most important step is weight restoration. Weight is generally not the onlyfactor to consider some other crucial factors such as medical complications, suicide attempts or plans, failure to improve with outpatient treatment, interference with school, work, or family, and pregnancy. Inpatient treatment is very difficult for the patient and the family as the patient is feared of giving up the symptoms, essentially the patient could have developed a phobia of food. It is important for the doc to create a safe environment to make the patient feel safe and to also obtain the patients trust to make the hospitalization a success. Biological treatments include medications to assist in the cure of the disorder or assist in decreased symptoms of the disorder. Medications prescribed for anorexia nervosa have shown to be inefficacious currently. In bulimia nervosa fluoxetine (Prozac) has been known to decrease the core symptoms of binge eating and purging and associated psychological features such as depression and anxiety. The FDA canonical the treatment of fluoxetine for the treatment of bulimia nervosa, but for no other eating disorders.Although fluoxetine reduces the symptoms it is still not found to reduce or have permanent remission on long-lasting effects. A treatment that is necessary but not a sufficient intervention for all eating disorders is nutritional counseling. An additional treatment that helps individuals change their thinking patterns that contribute to their problem is cognitive-behavioral therapy or (CBT). Recovery rates with CBT wavy from 35-75% at volt or more years of follow-up. For anorexia nervosa some evidence suggests that CBT may reduce relapse in adults after weight has been restored. Howe ver its unreadable how effective CBT is with individuals who are extremely underweight. For bulimia nervosa the basis of CBT is self-monitoring. The individuals keep bring in of what they eat, the situation they were in, and their thoughts and feelings. CBT focuses extensively on relapse prevention for all eating disorders. It is also an effective treatment for a binge eating disorder.Binge eating disorders may first be offered a help-book or an online cognitive-behavioral political program online to use at their own pace. For the family theories of anorexia nervosa a family-based intervention is directed to change the dysfunction of the family. This therapy can assist the family in being around better and a place to have open communication. Some modern approaches to family therapy for anorexia nervosa include conjoint family therapy, separated family therapy, parent training, and the Maudsley method,which focuses on parental control of the initial stages of renutrion. The seven values include workings with experts who know how to help you, working together as a family, to not blame your child or yourself for the problems you are having, focusing on the problem before you, not debating with your child about eating or weight-related concerns, knowing when to begin backing off, and pickings care of yourself because you are the childs best hope.In final stage I have discussed and explained the three types of eating disorders anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. I explained what factors can contribute to the development of an eating disorder. I deliberated three aspects of eating disorders such as the mental, behavioral, and physical. The analyzed the three eating disorders and gave a definition for each. I gave various personalities and other psychological dysfunctions that can come along with eating disorders. I expressed the sex ratios and developmental factors of eating disorders and explained the contributing factors for each. Al so in discussing the symptoms of eating disorders lastly I place some treatments that can assist in reducing symptoms and essentially preventing relapse. Some treatments that were acknowledged are inpatient treatment, biological treatments, nutritional counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and family-based interventions.Works CitedAbout eating disorders. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders website http//www.anad.org/get-information/about-eating-disorders/bulimia-nervosa/ Body Image Loving Yourself inner(a) and Out. (n.d.). Retrieved from The National Womens Health Information Center website http//www.womenshealth.gov/bodyimage/eatingdisorders/ Eating Disorders. (2008). Retrieved from National Eating Disorder Information Centre website http//www.nedic.ca/ Eating Disorders anorexia nervosa, binge eating, and bulimia nervosa. (n.d.). Retrieved from U.S. Library of Medicine, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health website www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/eatingdisorders.html Eating disorder statistics. (n.d.). Retrieved from