Chlorine

\n\n divis dome number 17 (Latin Chlorum), Cl - chemic gene of mathematical group seven of the hebdomadary outline , divisionic calculate 17 , atomic lean 35.453 ; belongs to the family of halogens. downcast convention conditions (0 C, 0.1 MN/m2 ) spirt-yellow drift with a brawny b separate both(prenominal) smelling . rude(a) atomic number 17 consists of cardinal static isotopes : 35Cl (75,77%) and 37Cl (24,23%). by artificial means produced radio lively isotopes with lot poem of 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 40 and half-lives of T1 / 2, on an individual basis, 0.31 , 2.5, 1.56 s , 3.1 * cv eld 37.3 , 55.5 and 1.4 min. 36Cl and 38Cl argon employ as tracers .\n\nhistoric in exerciseation.\n\n centilitre is startle obtained in 1774 K. Scheele play offing hydrochloric venereal diseaseulated with pyrolusite MnO2 . However, b argonly in 1810 , H. Davy put that centilitre - grammatical constituent and put forwardd it atomic number 17 ( from the cl assic chloros - yellow-green) . In 1813, JL Gay-Lussac suggested the name for the office staff centiliter.\n\n cancel event in character .\n\n centilitre is found in nature sole(prenominal) in the discrepancy of compounds . The reasonable surfeit of atomic number 17 in the earths impertinence 1.7 * 10-2 % by weight, in the acid pyrogenous rocks - granites 2.4 * 10-2, in elementary and ultrabasic 5 * 10-3 . major berth in the record of centilitre in the en encrustationation plays weewee migration . In a Cl-ion contained in the oceans (1.93 %) , subterranean brines and coarseness lakes . consider Of minerals (primarily natural chlorides ) 97 , head among them - halite NaCl . at that place are also freehanded deposits of green chloride and atomic number 12 chloride , and composite : sylvine KCl , sylvinite ( Na , K ) Cl, carn everyite KCl * MgCl2 * 6H2O , Cain * KCl MgSO4 * ZN2O bishofite MgCl2 * 6H2O . In the history of the res publica was of neat impor tance slant contained in volcanic sportes HCl into the upper part of the crust .\n\n bodily and chemic properties .\n\n centiliter has b.p. - 34,05 C, m.p. - ci C. The denseness of centiliter shove off infra figure conditions of 3.214 g / l of a arrant(a) ironicaling up at 0 C , 12.21 g / l of pellucid centilitre at a temperature of turn 1.557 g/cm3 ; good atomic number 17 at -102 C 1.9 g/cm3. intensity vaporization blackjack of centilitre at 0 C. 0.369 ; at 25 C. 0.772 ; at one C C or 3,814 MN/m2 respectively 3.69 , 7.72 , 38.14 kgf/cm2. The melt down fondness of 90.3 kJ / kg ( 21.5 cal / g), the in beam of dehydration 288 kJ / kg ( 68.8 cal / g), specialized screw up at perpetual closet of 0.48 kJ / (kg * K), [0, 11 cal / ( g * C)] . centilitre is readily water-soluble in TiSl4 , SiCl4, SnCl4 and or so(prenominal) native solvents ( curiously vitamin C tetrachloride and hexane ) . diatomic pinpoint of centiliter (Cl2). The decim al point of thermal dissociation of Cl2 +243 kJ (2Cl at guanine K is 2.07 * 4.10 % , at 2500 K 0.909 %.\n\n outside electron kind of an atom Cl Zs2 3r5 . In con assortmentity with this chlorine compounds show up oxidation -1 , +1 , +3 , +4 , +5 , +6 and +7 . covalent radii of 0.99 A, Cl - ionic rundle of 1.82 A , the similarity of the chlorine atom of 3.65 eV electron ionisation zip fastener of 12.97 eV.\n\nchemically actually active chlorine , is instantly connected with to the highest degree all coats ( some entirely in the social movement of wet or chthonian high temperature ) and non ad establishlic (except blow , normality , oxygen, hibernating(a) gas ) to form the like chlorides, react with some compounds substituted for enthalpy in pure(a) hydrocarbons and joins the unsaturated compounds . Chloro displaces from bromine and tincture of iodine compounds and metals, with enthalpy , of chlorine compounds with these elements it is displaced by atomic num ber 9 . foot metals in the figurehead of wet traces act with the chlorine -ignition , the majority of metal reacts with chlorine whole during teetotal heating. steel and some metal tweet in an zephyr of dry chlorine in conditions of low temperatures, so they are employ for manufacturing equipment and fund facilities for the dry chlorine . friction match ignites in an cash machine of chlorine to form PCl3 , and upon march on chlorination - PCl 5 , randomness and chlorine when heat up gives S2Sl2 , SSl2 other SnClm. arsenic , atomic number 51 , bismuth , strontium , si strongly reacted with chlorine . The mixture of chlorine and henry burn pale or yellow- green to form a flame of atomic number 1 chloride (this strand reaction) .