Medical Record Keeping

What are the problems with America’s current medical recordkeeping system? How would electronic medical records alleviate these problems? The majority of America’s current medical record keeping is paper based which creates a lot of problems like:- a. Recordkeeping became really difficult with growing numbers of patients and their visits to Medical Practitioner. There are shelves full of folders and papers in corridors. b. It makes it difficult to effective communication, referring and access to the records. During emergency it could be the matter of life and death. c.It’s difficult to systematically examine and to share the information; the updating of these records is almost a challenge. There are cases of wrong entry and duplicate entries etc. d. When a patient changes a Doctor or moves to other problems, it becomes a hassle for patient as well as for Doctor. The electronic medical records will allow patients to enter their basic medical data into an online si te initially and after that Doctor also will be able to send relevant information for regular update. This system will make record keeping more effective and streamlined which are easily accessible.The use of electronic record keeping reduces errors in medical records. The handwritten records are subject to lots of human errors due to misspelling, illegibility, and differing terminologies. Thus digitations and standardisation of records will make the information universally accessible and cost effective too. Apart from this, it could also be used for remainder message for refilling of prescription, directories for doctors and personalised health advice. 2. What are the pros and cons of electronic patient records? Do you think the concerns over digitizing our medical records are valid?Why or why not? The main proponents of electronics patient record cite the following advantages: a. The electronics patient records reduce errors in medical records. With the use of electronics patient records standardization of patient health records may eventually become achievable. b. Paper records can be easily lost. Digital records can be stored virtually forever and can be kept long after the physical records are gone. Electronics patient records also help keep records of health information that patients tend to forget with time, i. e. inoculations, previous illnesses and medications. . Electronics patient records make health care cost-efficient by consolidating all data in one place. Previously, paper-based records are located in different places and getting access to all of them takes a lot of time and money. d. Electronics patient records can save lives. It enables rapid identification of at-risk patients and access to their medical history, thereby enabling rapid diagnosis and treatment especially in emergency situations. Classic examples are people with diabetes and/or heart problems who have high risk of collapsing and having attacks.The disadvantages of Electronics pa tient records: Electronics patient records threaten privacy. Many people are uncomfortable about having their entire medical history recorded and digitized for almost just anybody to see – in other words, incursion into people's privacy. a. Medical data can be used against a person in some cases, be it for a job application, insurance coverage or a college scholarship. Although it is against the law to discriminate against people with illnesses and disabilities, it is a fact of life that the fitter you are, the more competitive you are in the job market. . Electronics patient records can lead to loss of the human touch in health care. In the process of digitalization, the interpersonal aspect in health care may be lost. The doctors are forced to think in categories and can seldom express a personal opinion on an individual case. c. Electronics patient records are not that efficient. Despite efforts in digitalization and standardization, but sometimes one clinic's EMR system i s not compatible with that of a general practitioner or another clinic's system, thus belying the claim of added efficiency d.Electronic medical records are not safe and secure. Google Health and HealthVault are quick in assuring patients of the safety of their online health accounts. Stories of data hacking, stolen identities and blackmail abound. Even high security databases such as those run by banks and credit institutions are often compromised. 3. Should people entrust Google with their electronic medical records? Why or why not? People should adopt Google’s electronic medical records as it allows patients to control their medical records.If they decide to change doctors or hospitals, they will be able to electronically transfer their Google records by themselves. There are a lot of advantages that has been discussed in above questions which will benefit people and the whole system. Some concerns like privacy and security of data is restricting people to adopt this; they wonder whether hackers will be able to access the Google medical records or whether the company will use them commercially. Google has assured that it will not share or sell the data, and it's absurd to think Google would attempt to use medical records for commercial purposes.Further, hacking into hospital, small clinic, or family practice computer systems is far easier that going after Google's data centre. Google’s reassurances that its security is iron-tight and that businesses and individuals should have confidence in its ability to store and protect data. Based on these facts people should trust Google with their records. 4. If you were in charge of designing an electronic medical recordkeeping system, what are some features you would include? What are features you would avoid? The features which should be included in an electronic record keeping system are: a.It should store and manage the medical and health information in one central place. b. It should be personalize d i. e. the patient decides what goes on the record. c. It can give doctors fast and easy access to the patient’s records but only if the patient allows it. d. It can import electronic records from hospitals and pharmacies that are Google Health-enabled or are registered Google Health partners. e. It should be completely free. f. It should be secure. g. The system will have record standardization and interfaces can be customized to each provider environment.This customization should be done so that a physician's input interface closely mimics previously utilized paper forms. More time must be spent by both the implementation team and the healthcare provider to understand the workflow needs. h. All together features that should be included are security, universal standards for gathering, storing, and disseminating data, and universal standards for transmission technologies. Some features to be avoided are unrestricted access to data and unencrypted transmissions.

Jessica Swindle Essay

In this time and age, a lot of people are struggling for their lives. We can never deny the fact how tough it is to deal with the circumstances that come along our way and it is imperative for us to weigh our capabilities in order to make our best and live our lives to the best of our abilities. As Merwin epitomized his thoughts on his â€Å"Eskimo Poem†, he freely exemplify the perception of what it entails to live in this world and at the same time possess the grip to what is in store for you in the future. At the beginning of the poem, the tender emotion shoot in as one wonders what life could bring each and every single of his life. But along the way, to some extent there is bit scepticism as the challenges hinders the happiness of a person. â€Å"But I am leaving the shore in my skin boat, it came to me that I was in danger and now the small troubles look big† (Mervin), during the moments that we feel we are alone with our predicament and that we can no longer bear the confrontation of life we tend to look for another way wherein we can build our lives again. Indeed, as the poem utters â€Å"and the ache that comes from the things I have to do every day big† (Merwin), it only means one thing, and that is to find alternative measures to make our lives better. In this regard, it was thoroughly elucidated how trials expands and it is only our hope that can uplift our spirit. â€Å"But only one thing is great only one, this in the hut by the path to see the day coming out of its mother and the light filling the world† (Merwin), positively, at the end of the day there is always a light that will shed our fears and will shelter our minds and hearts. Like the poem, we should find contentment with our lives even if it will take to some place and to different level of maturity. Acceptance of dare could be a proliferating factor in order for us to be great in the paths that we are taking.

Queer critiques of gay marriage Annotated Bibliography

Queer critiques of gay marriage - Annotated Bibliography Example In the article, the community notes that the number of homosexuals has grown despite the widespread negativity the members face. The second article adopts an equally critical stand as it investigates the cost of achieving equality for the LGBT community. The author of the article understands the society’s skewed and skeptic approach to homosexuality despite the growing number of gays and lesbians in the society. In constructing their articles, the respective authors uphold some of the basic guidelines of writing. The make essential citations thereby enhancing the authority of the claims they make. In retrospect, the two articles are valid reports that make good arguments. Furthermore, they are good sources owing to the authors’ ability to present their facts systematically and attempt to provide evidence by citing the works appropriately. The LGBT community in the country sought to develop a new strategic vision to help redirect their future endeavors. The new vision seeks to safeguard immense economic benefits for gays, lesbians, transgender and bisexuals in the country. The article seeks to safeguard the acceptance, respect and recognition for members of the community in every feature of the society and numerous states within the country. In justifying their new vision, the community explains a number of intricate features of the society including the diversity in families and households as the number of homosexuals grow throughout the country. The community argues that the increase in its size implies that a greater number of people continue to face economic stress. The community uses its experience and experience on the issue by analyzing official reports in coming up with the blueprint. Despite such attempts, the article lacks statistical proof of the issues it raises a feature that make it inflammatory. The article vouches for equality for the LGBT community. The

Nestle Case wk3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nestle Case wk3 - Essay Example He completely overhauled the executive board and believed in restructuring as a continual process. However, his contention that when the organization is doing well, change should be justified. I therefore agree with what he did. By identifying the ‘untouchables’ where the organization’s core competencies and strengths are retained and enhanced, Nestle remains to project a solid brand and image associated with dairy food products. Recent times have indicated that Nestle created Nestlà © Nutrition, a global business organization designed to strengthen the focus on their core nutrition business – manifesting the same belief in Brabeck-Letmathe’s philosophy for organizational change. The implications for change managers that apply specifically to Nestle are: (1) that care needs to be taken in assessing and implementing organizational change (whether using an incremental or transformational approach); (2) incremental changes are less risky and therefore more appropriate; and (3) that change affects multiple types of changes simultaneously. Nestle management, particularly under the direction and navigation of Brabeck-Letmathe has understood the thrust of their organizational leader and steered the organization into unprecedented heights. By focusing, reinforcing and sustaining Nestle’s strengths instead of changing them, the strategy continue to work towards achieving global leadership in the food and nutrition market. The lessons from the front line emphasize that: (1) downsizing is not always the most appropriate method to restructure; (2) implementing technological changes is not always straightforward; and (3) producing successful acquisitions are always a managerial challenge. These issues can be overcome with open communication, identifying causes of resistance and barriers and aligning decisions to organizational goals. As evidenced from the Nestle case, there have been organizational changes

Junior Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Junior Curriculum - Essay Example The qualification for attending this certificate exam is three years of secondary education or 14 years of age.1 The Third year exam is called 9th grade and sixth year exam is called 12th grade. The third year exam is called junior certificate and sixth year exam is called leaving certificate. This leaving certificate can be termed as basis for higher education. If a student fails to qualify, he/she can take the examination next year. This is not as easy as it was said. The literature part changes from year to year.2 This make difficult for the students who fail in the first attempt to pass in the next attempt. The changes in some subjects will nullify their effort in the previous year and this makes the efforts in previous year not useful in the second attempt. This is capable of making some weak minded students to drop out if they fail in first attempt. Ireland introduced free secondary education in 1967. This has opened up secondary and the third level education to the people who till now, could not afford to attend to school.1 Though the secondary education completion rates are very high according to international standards, there is no statistical proof that all the primary school promoted students are enrolling them selves to secondary level education. This tells that the secondary level education or junior certificate curriculum is doing nothing to prevent dropouts from the schools. The optional subjects must be ch... Irish, English, Mathematics, Civic Social and political education, social, personal and health education. The social personal and health education subject was not examined. It is not mandatory to pass in this examination. The optional subjects must be chosen from the ancient Greek, art, craft and designing, business studies, classical studies, environmental and social studies, French, Geography, German, Hebrew studies, Home economics, Italian, Latin, materials technology wood, metal work, music, religious education, science Spanish, technical graphics, technology and type writing. The students have to study the five or 8 more optional subjects along with four mandatory subjects. The final exam will be after 3 years. The higher in this certificate is known as honours and ordinary one is considered as pass. The honours level will be taken for optional subjects. Development of Secondary Education in Ireland Before the World War II, the secondary education in Ireland was not up to the mark and even expensive. In the post war period, free education was provided till the age of 14 for every child. The tripartite system was introduced in that period. At the final year of their primary education children used to take the eleven + examination. After that they were sent to secondary modern, secondary technical or grammar schools. After 1950 the tripartite system was not found viable and the comprehensive schools gradually increased across Ireland. The comprehensives schools established in 50s structured themselves on the basis of the grammar school. After 1960 an alternative model was offered by introducing the progressive ideals in the education curriculum. Discipline and character were given due importance. After 1970 a large number of comprehensive schools

Crockett & Tubbs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Crockett & Tubbs - Assignment Example There are legal frameworks that guide the formation and fulfillment of business contracts. There are ethical practices that form the business culture of any business establishment. A contract formation consists of several stages. In the case of Crockett and Tubbs, the contract was at the negotiation stage. If an agreement had been reached and the business contract signed by both parties, then such a contract is not to be contravened, since it is legally binding. In law, under the rule of contract, when a business matter, transaction or contract is completed, it is final. Failure for Crockett to sale the Ferrari Daytona at $250,000 would lead to a court case. Otherwise, if a contract had not been signed, Tubbs negotiators can be influenced by the increase in demand for the Ferrari Daytona and change the terms of negation so as to make more profits. For this case, Crockett had not signed a business contract with Tubbs and therefore, the law leaves the decision upon Tubbs to either change the terms and conditions. The aim of a business is to generate profits. To achieve this, the business must establish a nourishing relationship with its partners in business. Crockett should be guided by ethical principles of business conduct. A legitimate business will make the customer come for more and therefore, to reinforce the relationship and also ensure sustainable business, Crockett ought to sell the Ferrari Daytona to Tubbs at $250,000. Some business individuals advance the argument that there is a mutual relationship between ethics and business. They presume that ethics naturally comes to those businesses that are profit-oriented. This argument has both weak and strong versions. For the present case of Crockett and Tubbs, a profit-oriented approach may seem to provide a short term success (Fieser, 1996). Businesses which are thriving are those that have embraced ethical practices

Racism As Social Phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Racism As Social Phenomenon - Essay Example Likewise, Muslims are always biased against Christians and occasions of Islamic groups killing Christians based on religious difference have been reported in several parts of the continent. In addition, for racism to take place certain elements have to be involved and they include actions which are considered to be arbitrary and harmful towards one or a group (Fluehr-Lobban, 2005). A good example is Muslims killing or causing bodily harm to the Christian faithful. Secondly, there is a belief that one race is superior to the other. A good example of this was that both the Germans and Britons thought that they were superior more than the other. Thirdly, the belief in separation which can be easily identified and a good example of this is that Muslims and Christians use two different religious books the Quran and the Bible respectively and lastly the possession of power by the superior race and a good example of this is that Africans were discriminated as they were living in lands which were not theirs or lands belonging to the white men. However, prejudice based on attitude cannot be considered to be racism unless an action is taken to support the prejudice held by a group towards the other it is not considered racism. This action may be harmful to either of the groups depending on the amount of power wielded by either of the group. In the end, the group which always has the most powers is always the one which wins on racism hence becoming the perpetrators of racism. A good example is that when a Christian applies to rent an apartment owned by a Muslim, and the Muslim hates all Christians generally but treats his Christian tenant with dignity and respect then the act is considered to be prejudice.

Overweight in a Pre-School Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Overweight in a Pre-School Population - Essay Example The effectiveness of the social campaigns just as the name suggests relies on the ability of the campaigns to recruit numerous participants thus curbing the trend in the society.   Let’s take on child obesity: one step at a time is an appropriate example social marketing campaign that strives to curb the prevalence of childhood obesity in Europe while promoting specific products. In the campaign, the marketers address specific factors that lead to childhood obesity thereby advising on the uptake of appropriate physical activities and diet that will help curb the negative prevalent. Childhood obesity is a vice, one that denies children appropriate childhood. Obesity makes children susceptible to numerous other diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes. As such, curbing childhood obesity is a fundamental social role the government must undertake in order to improve the quality of life for the citizenry. Additionally, social problems often create a market for private investors as proprietors develop products and services that promise to improve the situation.   The same is the situation in this context as Safefood a commercial organization that sells food products decide to capitalize on the situation thereby developing a substantial market for its products. The company, therefore, develops the Let’s take on child obesity: one step at a time campaign in order to market its products while addressing the social problem. The campaign addresses specific issues that will help curb the prevalence of childhood obesity. The developers of the campaign observe specific policies thus developing an appropriate campaign, one that addresses the specific issues illustriously. The campaign, for example, proposes at least sixty minutes of play.  

Australian Security in the New Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Australian Security in the New Century - Essay Example Although the attacks were targeted America, they proved that no nation and no people, were safe from this new threat. The tactics used were often suicidal in nature and thus, the attacks are extremely hard to control, once they have been initiated. The funding mechanisms and training cells for organizations that launch and support such terrorist activities are spread throughout the world and can not be routed out in a day. To deal with this threat in a comprehensive manner, vast and sweeping changes were required in the security policies of most nations that considered themselves at threat. The following areas that pose a threat to the security of the Australian nation and it's people can be identified: 1. Environmental Security: Though the global war on terrorism still dominates as the main security issue, Australia is currently analyzing and addressing its environmental security issues namely climate change and global warming. In addition, environmental security threats can be classified under two broad categories, firstly, natural threats such as volcanoes, earth quakes, tsunamis and bush fires and secondly, threats posed due to human activities, such as ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect. Australia's rising awareness of and commitment to combating environmental threats can be gauged from the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC 2007) summit, which was held in Sydney, Australia on 8-9 September, 2007, where the Sydney APEC Leaders' jointly declared that they would be committed to taking wide-ranging and ambitious actions to address the issue of environmental quality and contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. 2. Military focused security issues: After the year 2000, the focus of Australia's strategic policy was enhanced to look beyond the erstwhile narrow emphasis on the defense of the continent based on a reliance on US support to preserve a stable power balance in Asia. This carried two main implication for the Australian defence infrastructure, namely, the increase in land force capabilities for regional cooperation and a sustained investment in high-tech air and naval capabilities. The three main factors which influenced the Australian defense policy after 200 are : i.) The operations in Iraq raised questions about the balance between the size and weight of the Australian land forces. ii) Instability in the pacific raised the need to develop the capacity to

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Summary - Essay Example This research is aimed at exploring the most recent technologies of Physics like nano-identation, scanning electron microscopy, etc. which can be utilised to obtain a better understanding of tooth erosion and hence help in the improvement of the dental treatment techniques. The research will help the clinicians to solve dental problems better and thus help the affected population. B5 SUPPORTING STATEMENT Explain – in no more than half a page of 12-point Times New Roman font – why this project is of interest to you and why you believe you have the skills and knowledge necessary to undertake it successfully. Answer: Dental treatment is generally expensive. Therefore, people often prefer to leave their dental problems untreated. However, the dental problems become complicated due to this and serious heath hazards take place. As a result, more complicated medical procedures like oral and maxillofacial surgeries have to be performed which are riskier and costlier. In my opin ion, due to lack of consciousness and lifestyle issues are leading to more dental problems and this is becoming a serious public health issue. Hence, I want to conduct a research that would focus on the most innovative technologies to understand the dental problems like tooth erosion better and find out better treatment methods.

ExxonMobil Case Essay Example for Free

ExxonMobil Case Essay 1. Provide a brief description of the industry. â€Å" ExxonMobil has evolved over the last 125 years from a regional marketer of kerosene in the U.S. to the world’s largest publicly traded international oil and gas company.† Providing energy helps stabilize economies and improve living standards worldwide. Today, ExxonMobil operates in most of the world’s countries and is best known by familiar brand names: Exxon, Esso and Mobil. ExxonMobil creates products that compel modern transportation, power cities, lubricate industries and provide petrochemical building blocks that contribute many consumer goods. ExxonMobil is an extremely large industry providing 9.2 million jobs, and 5.3% of the U.S. employment. The labor income is $533.5 billion, and 6.0% of U.S. labor income. ExxonMobil operates in 77 countries worldwide, and employs 82,100 employees (Exxon Mobil Corporations, 2003-2012). 2. Outline a recruiting and selection strategy for your selected MNE that could be used to effectively meet organizational requirements for operating in multiple countries. The HRM staffing selection by ExxonMobil appears to be geocentric. A strategy that is valuable for the success of the organization because it enables the development of a global perspective. In addition, this tactic has generated an internal pool of labor. The organization has many successful years of working with governments and partners to deliver on their pledge of performance. ExxonMobil focuses on integrating local knowledge and experience of its partners with global capabilities to deliver outstanding results and benefits. ExxonMobil has a proven record of job creation, outstanding training and career development for national staff, support for local industry and community investment. ExxonMobil brings the advantage of established business management and support systems and experienced support staff to all i ts partnerships. The company is organized along functional lines, with each global company specializing in a particular sector of the oil, gas, and chemical businesses. The organizational structure is designed to encourage the employment of people with diverse skills quickly and effectively worldwide. In the selection of an expatriate, IHRM should consider cross-cultural suitability, family requirements, technical ability, and language to be primary factors. ExxonMobil takes pride in being an equal employment opportunity. Multinationals must resolve any issues of equal employment in all its locations. The various laws must be considered, and therefore ExxonMobil has established â€Å"The Standards of Business Conduct†. â€Å"It is the policy of Exxon Mobil Corporation to provide equal employment opportunity in conformance with all applicable laws and regulations to individuals who are qualified to perform job requirements regardless of their race, color, sex, religion, national origin, citize nship status, age, genetic information, physical or mental disability, veteran or other legally protected status. The corporation administers its personnel policies, programs, and practices in nondiscriminatory manner in all aspects of the employment relationship, including recruitment, hiring, work assignment, promotion, transfer, termination, wage and salary administration, and selection for training. Managers and supervisors are responsible for implementing and administering this policy, for maintaining a work environment free from unlawful discrimination, and for promptly identifying and resolving any problem area regarding equal employment opportunity.† In addition the company incorporates other special policies that include: develop and support educational programs, and policies that facilitate employment of minorities and women. Arrangements that help meet the needs of the diverse work force and balance work and family obligations. The company encourages training and development efforts, practices, and programs that support diversity in the work force that represent minorities and women. A work force is promoted free of sexual, racial, and other harassment. Accommodations for the disabled and the management responsibility in all matters are emphasized at every level or the organization. It appears ExxonMobil has adopted a formal open typology. This process would promote the continued success of the organization with: clearly defined criteria and measures, training, open advertising for vacancies, and panel discussions (Exxon Mobil Corporations, 2003-2012). 3. Outline a training and development strategy for your selected MNE that could be used to effectively meet organizational requirements for operating in multiple countries. In order for an established organization like ExxonMobil to train and develop a qualified staff, HR management must play a critical role. Special universities should be development for Exx onMobil like McDonald’s and Motorola with in-house training facilities. This allows for the important training and development. ExxonMobil already focuses on cultural awareness and technical ability. As HRM this training would be intensified. International teams would be developed in an effort to encourage innovation and transfer knowledge. In addition, teams may breakdown functional and national boundaries, enhance communication, develop a global perspective, and develop shared values (Peter J. Dowling, 2010). 4.Outline a compensation strategy for your selected MNE that could be used to effectively meet organizational requirements for operating in multiple countries. IHRM should recognize the correlation of compensation and performance. IHRM must ensure that the compensation policy is consistent with the overall company’s policies. Compensation must also be competitive and provide excellent incentives. IHRM compensation strategy would include: above average salaries, competitive benefits, opportunity for financial advancement, opportunity for career advancement, provide assistance for any adjustment issues such as: housing, family, education, daycare, and repatriation. The Balance Sheet approach would compensate expatriates. This approach helps the employee maintain the living standards they are accustomed to, in addition, to providing the associate with a financial inducement. The balance sheet approach allows for personal goods (food, personal care, clothing, furniture, transportation, and health care), housing, income taxes, and reserves (which include savings, benefit payments, contributions to pensions, education expenses, investments, etc. Balance sheet approach offers several advantages that include: equity facilitates re-entry, and it is easy to communicate (Peter J. Dowling, 2010) .

Marginalization of Transgender Women

Marginalization of Transgender Women As a family nurse practitioner (FNP) student, it is important to provide unbiased and culturally-competent healthcare services regardless of age, race, religion, socio-economic status, or gender orientation.   Transgender is an umbrella term for individuals who identify with a gender different than what was assigned at birth  (World Health Organization, 2018).   As with any other subpopulation, transgender women come from all walks of life and are mothers, fathers, sisters, and brothers in their families.   Despite their prevalence and presence all throughout history, they are classified as a marginalized population that struggle to receive inequitable healthcare due to their gender orientation  (Bradford, Reisner, Honnold, & Xavier, 2013).   The focus of this paper is to evaluate the marginalization of transgender women.   It will include the current prevalence, socioeconomic aspects, social justice and its relationship to health disparities, ethical issues, plans for action to address the health issue, and conclude with a summary of key points.   Background An individual’s gender identity is based on their personal judgement of whether they identify as male, female, or neither sex.   Some transgender people identify themselves with their transitioned gender: female to male, male to female, or members of a third sex  (World Health Organization, 2018).   Legal identification documents that contradict a person’s birth gender may subject transgender individuals to punitive laws and discriminatory policies.   According to the World Health Organization (2018), marginalized populations such as transgender women are often stigmatized and criminalized for their contradictory gender identity from their birth gender; affecting their ability to access health care services, social protection, and equal opportunity for employment.   Transgender women are considered one of the five subpopulations that are disproportionately affected by HIV because their increased risk exposure  (Divan, Cortez, Smelyanskaya, & Keatley, 2016).à ‚   The other subpopulations that World Health Organization identifies are: intravenous drug abusers, men who have sex with men, sex workers, and prisoners.   In some countries, transgender women are 49-80 times more likely to have HIV compared to non-transgender adults of reproductive age, an estimated 19% prevalence worldwide  (World Health Organization, 2018).   In addition to the HIV epidemic amongst transgender population, mental health issues including depression, anxiety, mood disorders, and suicidal ideations were the most commonly identified health issues in researched publications.   Another essential component for gaining wider recognition for transgender health issues is required revision of the International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD), the standard diagnostic reference for epidemiology, health management, and clinical practice.   The current version, ICD-10, â€Å"gender identity disorders† were categorized under â€Å"mental and behavioral disorders†.   The next edition, ICD-11, which is due to be published in 2018 will classify transgender health issues in a new category of â€Å"gender incongruence†Ã‚  (Robles, et al., 2016).   On June 29, 2015, Nevada became the 10th state that banned transgender discrimination in healthcare and insurance.   Nevada State’s insurance commissioner determined that the state and administrative code would â€Å"prohibit the denial, exclusion or limitation of benefits relating to coverage of medically necessary health care services on the basis of sex as it relates to gender identity or expression†Ã‚  (National Center for Transgender Equality, 2015).   This inclusion for transition-related healthcare has since made it more accessible for transgender individuals to move forward with gender assignment surgeries which were formerly not covered by health insurance carriers.   Socioeconomics The ways in which marginalization impacts a transgender person’s life are interconnected to socioeconomics derivatives.   Stigma and transphobia in the community hearten a society of isolation, poverty, violence, lack of socioeconomic support systems, and compromised health outcomes since each circumstance cohabits and exacerbates the other  (Divan, Cortez, Smelyanskaya, & Keatley, 2016).   This is pertains especially to those individuals who express their gender identity from youth, they are often rejected or outcast by their own nuclear families.   This behavioral trend typically results in the lack of opportunities for education and further disregard to their need for mental and physical health needs.   The hostile environment that envelopes the young transgender community fail to understand their needs and threaten their safety by being discordant to provide sensitivity to health and social requirements.   Such discrimination and exclusion criteria fuel a sense of vulnerability, resulting in fewer opportunities to advance education, increased odds of unemployment, higher risk for homelessness and poverty  (Lenning & Buist, 2013).   Transgender workers are the most marginalized in the workplace, often excluded from gainful employment and undergo severe discrimination during all phases of the employment process (including recruitment, training, benefits, and advancement opportunities)  (Divan, Cortez, Smelyanskaya, & Keatley, 2016).   These workplace adversaries incubate pessimism and internalized transphobia in transgender people and ultimately discourage attempts to applying to many professional careers.   Extreme limitations in employment often lead transgender people to uphold positions that have limited opportunities for career growth and development such as beauticians, entertainers or sex workers.   The high prevalence of unemployment and low-income, high-risk unstable jobs promote the cycle of homelessness and poverty.   In 2016, a socioeconomic study reported the estimated annual incomes of two groups: A – socioeconomic and racial privileged (n=239; transgender, with associate’s degrees and were non-Latino, White), B – educational privileged (n=191; transgender, with bachelor’s degrees and people of color).   Group A reported annual household incomes of $60,000 or more and Group B reported total household incomes of $10,000 or less per year  (Budge, Thai, Tebbe, & Howard, 2016).   Social Justice The transgender society continue to endure adversarial challenges despite the increased social awareness of gender orientation and gender identity portrayed in media, news, politics, and even early education in recent years.   The ever growing prevalence of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ) community’s presence in society continue to surpass the rate of open-mindedness and acceptance amongst coexisting citizens and is demonstrated by unequal societal structures  (Budge, Thai, Tebbe, & Howard, 2016).   The antagonistic perceptions they endure from the public are linked to ambiguity in gender – the binary classification of identification and differentiation in western society  (Neufeld, 2014).   The severity of marginalization deepens when transgender individuals reside in smaller remote communities where resources are limited and the prominent impact of colonization isolate transgender individuals.   The collective consequence of family, social, and institutional transphobia contributes to the increased risk of mental health issues, frequency of substance abuse, and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections within the transgender population  (Lenning & Buist, 2013).   Social justice for transgender patients in healthcare should translate to the equally entitled fair distribution of healthcare resources with unbiased regard to their gender identity, preferred name in the electronic medical record (EMR).   Furthermore, billing for medical procedures should be exceedingly scrutinized to ensure that the billing name and pronoun match the patient’s insurance identity  (Hann, Ivester, & Denton, 2017).   Ethical Issues The principal ethical issue that concerns the transgender community is the inequality of healthcare access.   Transgender individuals that contribute to the society should be provided equal access to healthcare as a non-transgender individual who mirrors the same type of existence in society.   Transgender care should have equal focus in medical education, research and funding.   Extending to healthcare access for transgender inmates in prison, Amendment VIII of the United States Constitution should be enforced.   â€Å"Excessive bail should not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, no cruel and unusual punishments inflicted†Ã‚  (United States Constitution, Amendment VIII). Plan for Practice Considering that Nevada is one of ten states that passed a law which bans discrimination of transgender persons in healthcare and insurance, it is imperative to have a plan for practice that echoes the same intent.   Forecasting the future as an FNP in the clinic setting, the three actions for practice that I plan to implement are: 1) Encouraging of cultural competency training amongst staff in regards to LGBTQ population.   This includes incorporating written nondiscrimination statements specifically to protect transgender rights  (Hayhurst, 2016).   This can be measured implementing an annual competency written test, to assess retained knowledge and also provide opportunity to refresh their practice.   Another method of outcome measurement can be the report card from a transgender (secret-shopper) patient’s care experience.   2) Establishing transgender-friendly environment from arrival.   Offering small clues such as a rainbow sticker or flag at the check-in counter or adding LGBTQ community literature in the waiting room  (Hayhurst, 2016).   The outcome of this intervention can be measured by asking a transgender patient if they were able to identify LGBTQ clues in the clinic and if it made them feel more welcomed to the practice.   3) Gender neutral restrooms can be simply implemented by eliminating any gender specific signs (women or men)  (London, 2014).   Measuring the outcome of this change can be determined by implementing random audits – monitoring if patients and visitors do not hesitate to use the restroom because of a gender exclusive sign. Stigma and lack of legal recognition remain the backbone to structural barriers (laws, policies, and regulations), impeding adequate healthcare provisions to transgender women in 40 different United States  (Bradford, Reisner, Honnold, & Xavier, 2013).   Transgender individuals who exercise human fundamental rights – to life, liberty, equality, health, privacy, speech, and expression are often dismissed by their own families.   These experiences of severe stigma and marginalization continue to negatively impact their lives by discriminating against career opportunities, increasing the risk for homelessness, and further projecting them to high risk behavior such as engaging in sex work – which heighten their risk for HIV infection  (Divan, Cortez, Smelyanskaya, & Keatley, 2016).   Health disparities continue due to adversarial issues that encompass their lives and they are less likely to seek healthcare treatment in a timely or preventative manner.  Ã‚   I hope that research focused on the transgender population continues in the future, as there seems to be a lack of new knowledge and slow implementation to changing the approach to healthcare practice to better address transgender concerns.   As mentioned in my plan for practice, I am quite confident that I will succeed in implementing those actions for change.   They are all fairly simple interventions that are of minimal cost and can benefit both the practice generate income (with new patients) and transgender individuals to seek healthcare in a transgender-friendly environment. References Bradford, J., Reisner, S. L., Honnold, J. A., & Xavier, J. (2013). Experiences of transgender-related discrimination and implications for health: Results from the Virginia transgender health initiative study. American Journal of Public Health, 103(10), 1820-1829. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300796 Budge, S. L., Thai, J. L., Tebbe, E. A., & Howard, K. A. (2016). The intersection of race, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, trans identity, and mental health outcomes. The Counseling Psychologist, 44(7), 1025-1049. doi:10.1177/0011000015609046 Divan, V., Cortez, C., Smelyanskaya, M., & Keatley, J. (2016). Transgender social inclusion and equality: A pivotal path to development. Journal of the International Aids Society, 19(3). doi:10.7448/IAS.19.3.20803 Hann, M., Ivester, R., & Denton, G. D. (2017). Bioethics in practice: Ethical issues in the care of transgender patients. The Ochsner Journal, 17(2), 144-145. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5472072/ Lenning, E., & Buist, C. L. (2013). Social, psychological and economic challenges faced by transgender individuals and their significant others: Gaining insight through personal narratives. Cultures, Health & Sexuality, 15(1), 44-57. doi:10.1080/13691058.2012.738431 London, J. (2014). Lets talk about bathrooms. Diversity Best Practices. Retrieved from https://www.diversitybestpractices.com National Center for Transgender Equality. (2015). Nevada becomes tenth state to ban transgender health exclusions. Retrieved from National Center for Transgender Equality: https://transequality.org/nevada-becomes-tenth-state-to-ban-transgender-health-exclusio Neufeld, A. C. (2014). Transgender therapy, social justice, and the northern context: Challenges and opportunities. Canadian Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 48(3), 218-230. Retrieved from http://cjc-rcc.ucalgary.ca/cjc/index.php/rcc/article/viewFile/2716/2530 Robles, R., Fresan, A., Vega-Ramirez, H., Cruz-Islas, J., Rodriguez-Perez, V., Dominguez-Martinez, T., & Reed, G. M. (2016). Removing transgender identity from the classification of mental disorders: a Mexican field study for ICD-11. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(9), 850-859. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30165-1 United States Constitution, Amendment VIII. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-viii World Health Organization. (2018). Transgender people. Retrieved from World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/transgender/en/

Data storage in Big Data Context: A Survey

Data storage in Big Data Context: A Survey Data storage in Big Data Context: A Survey A.ELomari, A.MAIZATE*, L.Hassouni# RITM-ESTC / CED-ENSEM, University Hassan II Abstract- As data volumes to be processed in all domains; scientific, professional, social à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc., are increasing at a high speed, their management and storage raises more and more challenges. The emergence of highly scalable infrastructures has contributed to the evolution of storage management technologies. However, numerous problems have emerged such as consistency and availability of data, scalability of environments or yet the competitive access to data. The objective of this paper is to review, discuss and compare the main characteristics of some major technological orientations existing on the market, such as Google File System (GFS) and IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS) or yet on the open source systems such as Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), Blobseer and Andrew File System (AFS), in order to understand the needs and constraints that led to these orientations. For each case, we will discuss a set of major problems of big data storage management, and how they were addressed in order to provide the best storage services. Introduction Todays, the amount of data generated during a single day may exceed the amount of information contained in all printed materials all over the world. This quantity far exceeds what scientists have imagined there are just a few decades. Internet Data Center (IDC) estimated that between 2005 and 2020, the digital universe will be multiplied by a factor of 300, so it will pass from 130 Exabyte to 40,000 Exabyte, the equivalent of   more than 5,200 gigabytes for each person in 2020   [[i]]. The traditional systems such as centralized network-based storage systems (client-server) or the traditional distributed systems such as NFS, are no longer able to respond to new requirements in terms of volume of data, high performance, and evolution capacities. And besides their cost, a variety of technical constraints are raised, such as data replication, continuity of services etc.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   In this paper, we try to discuss a set of technologies used in the market and that we think the most relevant and representative of the state of the art in the field of distributed storage systems. What is Distributed File systems (DFS) A distributed file system (DFS) is a system that allows multiple users to access, through the network, a file structure residing on one or more remote machines (File Servers) using a similar semantics to that used to access the local file system. This is a client / server architecture where data is distributed across multiple storage spaces usually called nodes. These nodes consist of a single or a small number of physical storage disks residing usually in basic equipment, configured to only provide storage services. As such, the material can be relatively low cost. As the material used is generally inexpensive and by large quantities, failures become unavoidable. Nevertheless, these systems are designed to be tolerant to failure by having recourse to data replication which makes the loss of one node an event of minimal emergency because data is always recoverable, often automatically, without any performance degradation. A. Andrew File System(AFS) architecture AFS (or OpenAFS currently) is a standard distributed file system originally developed by Carnegie Mellon University. It is supported and developed as a product by Transarc Corporation (now IBM Pittsburgh Labs). It offers a client-server architecture for federated file sharing and distribution of replicated read-only content [[ii]]. AFS offers many improvements over traditional systems. In particular, it provides the independence of the storage from location, guarantees system scalability and transparent migration capabilities.As shown in Figure 1, the distribution of processes in AFS can be summarized as follows: A process called Vice is the backbone of information sharing in the system; it consists of a set of dedicated file servers and a complex LAN. A process called Venus runs on each client workstation; it mediates access to shared files [[iii]]. Figure 1 : AFS Design . AFS logic assumes the following hypothesis [[iv]]: Shared files are rarely updated and local user files will remain valid for long periods. An allocation of a large enough local disk cache, for example 100 MB, can keep all users files. Using the client cache may actually be a good compromise to system performance, but it will only be effective if the assumptions adopted by AFS designers are respected, otherwise this can make a huge issue for data integrity. B. Google File System (GFS) architecture Another interesting approach is that proposed by GFS, which is not using special cache at all. GFS is a distributed file system developed by Google for its own applications. Google GFS system (GFS cluster) consists of a single master and multiple Chunkservers (nodes) and is accessed by multiple clients, as shown in Figure 2 [[v]].Each of these nodes is typically a Linux machine running a server process at a user level. Figure 2 : GFS Design The files to be stored are divided into pieces of fixed size called chunks. The Chunkservers store chunks on local disks as Linux files. The master maintains all metadata of the file system. The GFS client code uses an application programming interface (API) to interact with the master regarding transactions related to metadata, but all communications relating to the data themselves goes directly to Chunkservers. Unlike AFS, neither the client nor the Chunkserver use a dedicated cache. Customers caches, according to Google, offer little benefit because most applications use large which are too big to be cached. On the other hand, using a single master can drive to a bottleneck situation. Google has tried to reduce the impact of this weak point by replicating the master on multiple copies called shadows which can be accessed in read-only even if the master is down. C. Blobseer architecture Blobseer is a project of KerData team, INRIA Rennes, Brittany, France[[vi]]. The Blobseer system consists of distributed processes (Figure 3), which communicate through remote procedure calls (RPC). A physical node can run one or more processes and can play several roles at the same time. Figure 3 : Blobseer Design Unlike Google GFS, Blobseer do not centralize access to metadata on a single machine, so that the risk of bottleneck situation of this type of node is eliminated. Also, this feature allows load balancing the workload across multiple nodes in parallel. D. Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) The Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is a component of Apach Hadoop project [[vii]]. HDFS is highly fault-tolerant and is designed to be deployed on low-cost hardware. As shown in figure 4, HDFS stores file system metadata and application data separately. As in other distributed file systems, HDFS stores metadata on a dedicated server, called the NameNode. Application data are stored on other servers called DataNodes [[viii]]. Figure 4: HDFS Design There is one NameNode per cluster and it makes all decisions regarding replication of blocks [[ix]]. Data Storage as blob The architecture of a distributed storage system must take into consideration how files are stored on disks. One smart way to make this possible is to organize these data as objects of considerable size. Such objects, called Binary Large Objects (BLOBs), consist of long sequences of bytes representing unstructured data and can provide the basis for a transparent data sharing of large-scale. A BLOB can usually reach sizes of 1 Tera Byte (TB). Using BLOBs offers two main advantages: The Scalability: Maintaining a small set of huge BLOBs including billions of small items is much easier than directly managing billions of small ones. The simple mapping between the application data and file names can be a big problem compared to the case where the data are stored in the same BLOB and that only their offsets must be maintained. The Transparency: A data management system based on shared BLOBs, uniquely identifiable through ids, relieves application developers of the burden of explicit management and transfer of their locations on the codes. The system thus offers an intermediate layer that masks the complexity of access to data wherever it is stored physically [[x]]. Data striping Data striping is a well-known technique for increasing the data access performances. Each BLOB or file is divided into small pieces that are distributed across multiple machines on the storage system. Thus, requests for access to data may be distributed over multiple machines in parallel way, allowing achieving high performances.Two factors must be considered in order to maximize the benefits of this technique: Configurable strategy of distribution of chunks: Distribution strategy specifies where to store the chunks to achieve a predefined goal. For example, load balancing is one of the goals that such strategy can allow. Dynamic configuration of the size of the chunks: If the chunks size is too small, applications would have to retrieve the data to be processed from several chunks. On the other hand, the use of too large chunks will complicate simultaneous access to data because of the increasing probability that two applications require access to two different data but both stored on the same chunk. A lot of systems that use this type of architecture, such as GFS and Blobseer use a 64 MB sized chunks, which seems to be the most optimized size for those two criteria. concurrency Processing concurrency is very dependent on the nature of the desired data processing and of the nature of data changes. For example, Haystack system that manages Facebook pictures which never changes [[xi]], will be different from Google GFS or IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS) which are managing a more dynamic data. The lock method is used by many DFS to manage concurrency and IBM GPFS has developed a more effective mechanism that allows locking a byte range instead of whole files/blocks (Byte Range Locking) [[xii]]. GFS meanwhile, offers a relaxed consistency model that supports Google highly distributed applications, but still relatively simple to implement. Blobseer developed a more sophisticated technique, which theoretically gives better results. The snapshot approach using versioning that Blobseer brings is an effective way to meet the main objectives of maximizing competitive access [[xiii]]. The disadvantage of such a mechanism based on snapshots, is that it can easily explode the required physical storage space. However, although each write or append generates a new version of the blob snapshot, only the differential updates from previous versions are physically stored. DFS Benchmark As we have detailed in this article, generally there is no better or worse methods for technical or technological choices to be adopted to make the best of a DFS, but rather compromises that have to be managed to meet very specific objectives. In Table 2, we compare five distributed file systems: GFS, GPFS, HDFS, AFS and Blobseer. Choosing to compare only those specific systems despite the fact that the market includes dozens of technologies is led particularly by two points: 1. It is technically difficult to study all systems in the market in order to know their technical specifications, especially as several of them are proprietary and closed systems. Even more, the techniques are similar in several cases and are comparable to those of the five we compared. 2. Those five systems allow making a clear idea about the DFS state of the art thanks to the following particularities: GFS is a system used internally by Google, which manage huge quantities of data because of its activities. GPFS is a system developed and commercialized by IBM, a global leader in the field of Big Data HDFS is a subproject of HADOOP, a very popular Big Data system Blobseer is an open source initiative, particularly driven by research as it is maintained by INRIA Rennes. AFS is a system that can be considered as a bridge between conventional systems such as NFS and advanced distributed storage systems. In Table 2, we compare the implementation of some key technologies in those five systems. Analysis of the results of Table 2 leads to the following conclusions: The five systems are expandable in data storage. Thus, they cover one of the principal issues that lead to the emergence of Distribute File System. Only Blobseer and GPFS offer the extensibility of metadata management to overcome the bottleneck problem of the master machine, which manage the access to metadata. Except AFS, all studied systems are natively tolerant to crash, relying essentially on multiple replications of data. To minimize the lag caused by locking the whole file, GPFS manage locks on specific areas of the file (Byte range locks). But the most innovative method is the use of versioning and snapshots by Blobseer to allow simultaneous changes without exclusivity. Except AFS, all systems are using the striping of data. As discussed earlier; this technique provides a higher input / output performance by striping blocks of data from individual files over multiple machines. Blobseer seems to be the only one among the systems studied that implements the storage on blobs technique, despite the apparent advantages of such technique. To allow a better scalability, a DFS system must support as much operating systems as possible. But while AFS, HDFS and GPFS à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ supports multiple platforms, GFS and Blobseer run exclusively on Linux, this can be explained partly by the commercial background of AFS, HDFS and GPFS. Using a dedicated cache is also a point of disagreement between systems. GFS and Blobseer consider that the cache has no real benefits, but rather causes many consistency issues. AFS and GPFS uses dedicated cache à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹on both client computers and servers. HDFS seems to use dedicated cache only at client level. Conclusion In this paper, we reviewed some specifications of distributed file storage systems. It is clear from this analysis that the major common concern of such systems is scalability. A DFS should be extendable with the minimum cost and effort. In addition, data availability and fault tolerance remains among the major concerns of DFS. Many systems tend to use non expensive hardware for storage. Such condition will expose those systems to frequent or usual breakdowns. To these mechanisms, data striping and lock mechanisms are added to manage and optimize concurrent access to the data. Also, Working on multiples operating systems can bring big advantages to any of those DFS. None of these systems can be considered as the best DFS in the market, but rather each of them is excellent in the scope that it was designed for. Table 2 Comparative table of most important characteristics of distributed file storage GFS by Google GPFS IBM HDFS Blobseer AFS (OPEN FS) Data Scalability YES YES YES YES YES Meta Data Scalability NO YES NO YES NO Fault tolerance Fast Recovery.Chunk Replication.Master Replication. Clustering features.   Synchronous and asynchronous data replication. Block Replication.Secondary NameNode. Chunk ReplicationMeta data replication NO Data access Concurrency Optimized for concurrent   appends Distributed byte range locking Files have strictly one writer at any time YES Byte-range file locking Meta Data access Concurrency Master shadows on read only Centralizedmanagement NO YES NO Snapshots YES YES YES YES NO Versioning YES unknown NO YES NO Data Striping 64 MB Chunks YES YES (Data blocks of 64 MB) 64 MB Chunks NO Storage as Blobs NO NO NO YES NO Supported OS LINUX AIX, Red Hat, SUSE , Debian Linux distributions, Windows Server 2008 Linux and Windows supported , BSD, Mac OS/X, Open Solaris known to work LINUX AIX, Mac OS X, Darwin, HP-UX, Irix, Solaris, Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, NetBSD OpenBSD Dedicated cache NO YES by AFM technology YES (Client) NO YES []  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   John Gantz and David Reinsel. THE DIGITAL UNIVERSE IN 2020: Big Data, Bigger Digital Shadows, and Biggest Growth in the Far East. Tech. rep. Internet Data Center(IDC), 2012. [2]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   OpenAfs : www.openafs.org/ [3]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Monali Mavani : Comparative Analysis of Andrew Files System and Hadoop Distributed File System, 2013. [4]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Stefan Leue : Distributed Systems Fall, 2001 [5]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Sanjay Ghemawat, Howard Gobioff, and Shun-Tak Leung Google* : The Google File System. [6]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Blobseer: blobseer.gforge.inria.fr/ [7]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Hadoop: hadoop.apache.org/ [8]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Konstantin Shvachko, Hairong Kuang, Sanjay Radia, Robert Chansler Yahoo!: The Hadoop Distributed File System, 2010. [9]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Dhruba Borthakur : HDFS Architecture Guide, 2008. [0]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Bogdan Nicolae, Gabriel Antoniu, Luc Boug_e, Diana Moise, Alexandra, Carpen-Amarie : BlobSeer: Next Generation Data Management for Large Scale Infrastructures, 2010. [1]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Doug Beaver, Sanjeev Kumar, Harry C. Li, Jason Sobel, Peter Vajgel, Facebook Inc: Finding a needle in Haystack: Facebooks photo storage, [2]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Scott Fadden,   An Introduction to GPFS Version 3.5, Technologies that enable the management of big data, 2012. [3]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Bogdan Nicolae,Diana Moise, Gabriel Antoniu,Luc Boug ´e, Matthieu Dorier : BlobSeer: Bringing High Throughput under Heavy Concurrency to Hadoop Map-Reduce Applications, 2010.

Metropolis Symphony Essay -- Music Musical Musician Papers

The Development of the Programmatic Symphony from the 19th Century into the 21st Century Since the early symphonies of Sammartini and Stamitz the orchestral symphony has underwent constant development. In the early nineteenth century Beethoven started a new form of the symphony when he composed a symphony based on programmatic music. The programmatic symphony is a composition that is written with non-musical influences. "Program music is instrumental music which tells a story illustrates literary ideas, or evokes pictorial scenes. Though the term originated with Listz, illustrative music has existed for as long as music itself."(Kennedy p. 579) The form is more like a multi-movement tone poem that tells a story though music. The symphonies of Haydn, and Mozart were pieces written with music that was not influenced by non-musical ideas. Other symphonies that have been written that are programmatic are Symphonie Fantastique by Berlioz, Symphony no. 3 "Pastoral" by Vaughan Williams, and Metropolis Symphony by Michael Daugherty. This paper will show the similarities and differences between the programmatic symphonies of Beethoven, Berlioz, and Daugherty. Ludwig Van Beethoven 1770-1827 The first major programmatic symphony was written by Ludwig Van Beethoven in 1807-08. Although it was not completed until 1808 there are sketches for the symphony that go as far back as 1803. This was his sixth symphony and it was in F major. The first performance of the symphony was on December 22, 1808 which was the same premier of his fifth symphony. This symphony has five movements. The instrumentation for the symphony includes two flutes and piccolo, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two ... ...also has expanded the size of the wind section of the orchestra with several more instruments. While Beethoven and Berlioz composed their symphonies as complete works Daugherty allows conductors to perform movements separately if they desire. This makes each movement more like a tone poem than a full symphony. It is easy to see though by the Dies Irae in the fifth movement and the storm like atmosphere of the fourth movement how Daugherty was influenced by these two composers who came over one hundred years before him. In conclusion, the programmatic symphony has been used to create some of the greatest works of musical literature in the past two hundred years. In the next century composers will probably follow in these composers’ footsteps and expand the size of the orchestra to create new timbres and tell stories through tone painting in symphonies.

Neo Nazis :: essays research papers fc

â€Å"Two Neo-Nazis have been convicted of murdering Black teenager Benjamin Hermansen. A third defendant has been convicted of being an accessory to the attack. The killing of 15-year-old Benjamin Hermansen while he was meeting a friend near his home in Oslo sparked outrage. Tens of thousands of Norwegians took to the streets a few days after the death to protest against racism and violence. Oslo City Court convicted Joe Erling Jahr, 20, and Ole Nicolai (Kvisler), 22, both linked to the Boot Boys neo-Nazi group, of murder. Jahr was sentenced to 16 years in prison and (Nicolai) Kvisler 15 years. Veronica Andreassen, 18, was convicted as an accessory to the assault and jailed for three years. The court said the murder was planned, racially motivated and committed by members of a Neo-Nazi group partly to spread fear. It also found that Jahr and (Nicolai) Kvisler had each stabbed Hermansen with different knives. "Benjamin Hermansen would not have been attacked if his skin had been the same colour as the defendants," the court's ruling said. The court said Jahr and (Nicolai) Kvisler had gone out that night with the intention of "getting a foreigner" and had brought knives. It said that while Andreassen did not participate in the attack, she went with them despite knowing they planned violence. Hermansen, who was active in his school and sports, was born and raised in Norway. He also had spoken out against racism on national television a few months before his death after he was assaulted by neo-Nazi youths during a soccer tournament in Denmark. â€Å" (fare.net) That was a news article I found on a Norwegian anti-racist website. It happened only a few days ago on January 21st in Norway. This shows the prevalence of racism still going on today. The group responsible for the murder belonged to an organization that calls themselves the Neo-Nazis. One of the questions I’ve always asked in my history classes, is â€Å"Why do we need to know about all this stuff that happened so long ago?† Last year, my history teacher, Mr. Slater, gave me an answer. He said we need to learn about history, or we will be doomed to repeat our past mistakes. With that said, I’ll talk about how Nazism started. In the beginning, there was Adolf Hitler. He lived a somewhat uninteresting life as a child. His father was a customs official at the border separating Austria and Germany. Neo Nazis :: essays research papers fc â€Å"Two Neo-Nazis have been convicted of murdering Black teenager Benjamin Hermansen. A third defendant has been convicted of being an accessory to the attack. The killing of 15-year-old Benjamin Hermansen while he was meeting a friend near his home in Oslo sparked outrage. Tens of thousands of Norwegians took to the streets a few days after the death to protest against racism and violence. Oslo City Court convicted Joe Erling Jahr, 20, and Ole Nicolai (Kvisler), 22, both linked to the Boot Boys neo-Nazi group, of murder. Jahr was sentenced to 16 years in prison and (Nicolai) Kvisler 15 years. Veronica Andreassen, 18, was convicted as an accessory to the assault and jailed for three years. The court said the murder was planned, racially motivated and committed by members of a Neo-Nazi group partly to spread fear. It also found that Jahr and (Nicolai) Kvisler had each stabbed Hermansen with different knives. "Benjamin Hermansen would not have been attacked if his skin had been the same colour as the defendants," the court's ruling said. The court said Jahr and (Nicolai) Kvisler had gone out that night with the intention of "getting a foreigner" and had brought knives. It said that while Andreassen did not participate in the attack, she went with them despite knowing they planned violence. Hermansen, who was active in his school and sports, was born and raised in Norway. He also had spoken out against racism on national television a few months before his death after he was assaulted by neo-Nazi youths during a soccer tournament in Denmark. â€Å" (fare.net) That was a news article I found on a Norwegian anti-racist website. It happened only a few days ago on January 21st in Norway. This shows the prevalence of racism still going on today. The group responsible for the murder belonged to an organization that calls themselves the Neo-Nazis. One of the questions I’ve always asked in my history classes, is â€Å"Why do we need to know about all this stuff that happened so long ago?† Last year, my history teacher, Mr. Slater, gave me an answer. He said we need to learn about history, or we will be doomed to repeat our past mistakes. With that said, I’ll talk about how Nazism started. In the beginning, there was Adolf Hitler. He lived a somewhat uninteresting life as a child. His father was a customs official at the border separating Austria and Germany.

Free Essays - The Manipulative Lady Macbeth :: Free Macbeth Essays

The Manipulative Lady Macbeth In certain situations, women are the downfall of men. Macbeth is a prime example on how women influence men. We are going to probe into the hidden lives of Lord and Lady Macbeth, and show how without Lady Macbeth, Macbeth would have lived and prospered. Lady Macbeth was a small but very important part of the play Macbeth. She is always on the side of Macbeth telling him what she thinks he should do. When Macbeth was off at war, and told lady Macbeth that the witches greeted him as Thane of Cawdor, and King of Scotland before he received those titles, she was probably scheming no how to fulfill those before he returned home. Once home, they had King Duncan stay at Dunsinane. Lady Macbeth then b-tches at her husband and ridicules his masculinity in order to make him commit murder (Friedlander). Macbeth reluctantly murders Duncan, even though he wanted to wait and have it all play out without killing anyone. When he went to the well to wash off his hands he speaks of his remorse, and lady Macbeth finds out that he did not implicate the guards, so she tells him to go do it. But he wont, so she insults him more, and goes to do it herself. Lady Macbeth was the inital force to make this entire play roll along. Macbeth was comfortable where he was, he was curious about the fact the witches stated, but he didn't want to force it to work. After Lady Macbeth's help in the killing of Duncan, the only influance she has upon him is to keep everything to themselves. At the party after Banquo's murder, Lady Macbeth tries to calm Macbeth, and tell him that what he sees is only an illusion, and not to worry about Banquo, and to shut up because his fit may show everyone that they are the murders of Duncan and Banquo.

Business and technology Essay

The second issue centered on the impact of distance-delivery on the effectiveness of health care. The third issue involved a determination of the effects that the use of electronic communications have on health care delivery today. The fourth issue required a projection of the likely affects that the continued use of electronic communications will have on health care delivery. These interrelated issues are addressed in separate discussions in this paper. Electronic Communications as an External Delivery Mechanism When considering the ways in which electronic communications may be applied effectively as an external delivery mechanism in the communication of patient- pecific information, it is useful to first (a) identify the parties who will likely be involved in such interchanges and to (b) determine the types of information most likely to be exchanged. Further, depending upon of types of information likely to be exchanged it is also useful to consider how and in what form such information is developed (Committee on Redesigning Health Insurance Performance Measures, Payment, and Performance Improvement Programs, 2006; Committee on Public Health Strategies to Improve Health Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, 2012; World Health Organization, 2008). The party-pairs most likely to be involved in electronic communications exchanges are (a) provider-to-patient, (b) patient-to-provider, (c) provider-to-provider, and (d) provider-to-parties other than patients and other providers (Committee on Redesigning Health Insurance Performance Measures, Payment, and Performance Improvement Programs, 2006; Committee on Public Health Strategies to Improve Health Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, 2012; World Health Organization, 2008). In these instances especially so in provider-to-parties other than patients and other providers, the ssues of patient privacy and the integrity of patient-specific data must be an important tocal point (McGraw, 2 The types ot patient-specific intormation likely to be exchanged between providers and patients, regardless of the direction of the initial contract in such exchanges, are (a) patient symptoms and concerns, (b) provider care directions and queries to patients concerning their clinical conditions. The types of patient-specific information most likely to be exchanged among providers are (a) requests for the conduct of examinations and other procedures and b) consultations concerning the appropriate treatment protocols for specific patients. The types of patient-specific information most likely to be exchanged between providers and parties other than patients and other providers are (a) patient-specific data required by administrative personnel for scheduling and billing purposes and (b) patient specific data required by health care funders for purposes of specific treatment authorizations (Committee on Redesigning Health Insurance and Public Health Practice, 2012; World Health Organization, 2008).

Hazardous wastes come

Hazardous yearns come in many an(prenominal) different signifiers, forms and sizes. But all shamous over add-on has one thing in common. If it is non ostracised of properly it rear end be harmful to our planet. Hazardous redundance potbelly come in the signifier of a solid, liquid or gas. Hazardous wastes argon divided into different classs counted wastes, characteristic wastes, world(a) wastes, and assorted wastes. Listed wastes atomic number 18 specific wastes that the US Environmental Protection spot has stubborn atomic number 18 unsafe. They are farther categorise into the F-list non- specific beginning wastes from common falsehood and industrial procedures, the K-list source-specific wastes in industries such as crude oil refinement or pesticide fabrication, and the P-list and U-list specific disrailway carded commercial chemical merchandises such as certain pesticides and pharmaceutical merchandises. Characteristic wastes are non needfully listed as dan gerous but if they show pace of ignitability, corrosivity, responsiveness, or toxicity. Universal wastes include batteries, pesticides, mercury-containing equipment, and patent radiation syndrome bulbs. Assorted wastes contain a combination of radioactive and unassured waste constituents.A individual, company or a location that generates barbarian waste are divided into three classs Large pace generators ( LOGs ) bring forthing 1,000 kgs per month or more, miniscule measure generators ( SOGs ) bring forthing more than atomic number 6 kgs, but less than 1,000 kgs per month, and Conditionally condone little measure generators ( CESQGs ) bring forthing c kgs or less per month of spoilt waste.Businesss such as dry cleaners, car fix stores, gas Stationss, infirmaries, eradicators, and exposure bear on centres generate a great avocation of risky waste. In infirmaries entirely, risky waste can be found in research labs, nursing units, the pharmaceutics, runing suites, dental c linics, roentgenogram units, and the mortuary. In those countries, risky waste can come in the signifier of roentgenogram movie, ethyl alcohol, batteries, fluorescent visible radiation bulbs, IV bags, z-ray shielding putty, and even chemotherapy drugs. This forgetd is merely a short list of possible risky waste in our concerns.Although industries create a batch of risky waste, families generate a just state every bit good. In our autos we determination gasoline, antifreeze, car batteries, brake fluid, oil and render filters, carburettor cleansing agent, engine degreaser, and contagion fluid. To clean our place we use ammonia, antibacterial merchandises and germicides, Cl bleach, drain opener, furniture Polish, metallic element cleaners, oven cleaner, rust remover, athletics and discoloration remover, and drainage basin bowl cleansing agent, and for our out-of-door needs we use lawn and garden works sucking louse slayer, bullet toxicant, weed slayers and if you own a pool, po ol chemicals. For personal merchandises use sensory hair colour, hairspray, nail gloss, nail Polish remover, and risky wastes are even in many medical specialties.Transporters move risky waste from one site to another. A transporter essential obtain an EPA designation figure, must follow transportation installation demands, provide attesting and record maintaining and cognize the actions to shoot down in the event of risky waste discharges or spills ( 1 ) . The Hazardous Waste intelligible System is used to track risky waste from the site where it is produced to the site that give hive away, recycle, dainty or dispose of the waste.The Toxic marrows Control Act controls the 70,000 plus chemicals that are being distributed in the get together States. The policy includes 1 ) adequate informations should be developed with regard to the consequence of chemical substances and mixtures on wellness and the environment and that the reading of such informations should be the duty o f those who require and those who process such chemical substances and mixtures 2 ) adequate empowerment should be to tone up chemical substances and mixtures which present an unreasonable hazard of thinned to wellness or the environment, and to take action with regard to chemical substances and mixtures which are at hand jeopardies and 3 ) authorization over chemical substances and mixtures should be exercised in such a mode as non to hinder unduly or list unneeded economic barriers to technological blind while carry throughing the primary liveliness of this chapter to guarantee that such invention and commercialism in such chemical substances and mixtures do non show an unreasonable hazard of hurt to wellness or the environment ( Chapter 53-Toxic Substance Control, Subchapter I-Control of Toxic Substances ) . This Amendment was passed in 1976 to guarantee the rule of these substances by the Environmental Protection Agency and the safety of our planet and the animals an d worlds populating it.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction is the starting point of your dissertation. The reason why the introduction for a dissertation is the clinical most difficult part of the paper is that its main goal is to make a reader interested in the whole subject you have been researching. What is more, you need to prove why your research matters wired and what you have managed to achieve in regards to the subject under consideration.Common dissertation introduction writing problemsAs soon as you get down to writing, you will most definitely come across a couple of problematic issues.Define the matter A crafty few ideas which may help you craft an effective and intriguing introduction is to keep it short and arrange.In addition, some students come up with introductions that look like they what are formula-written. Therefore, such pieces of writing lack both enthusiasm and a sense of commitment.Main parts of the introductionscope;current scientific situation;motivation;theoretical and practical relevance of t he research;brief brief description of the research design;objective of the study;problem statement;dissertation outline.You need to begin with stating the motive for your research.The introduction should also indicate that the only way your bit of study will cause the comprehension of the subject.

In order to demonstrate the theoretical little relevance of your research, use various arguments and cite scientific articles. Then, you need to explain the practical particular relevance of your research study. Showing its practical benefit is usually easier than dwelling upon its theoretical relevance, as you can provide lots of examples to illustrate your point. Do not forget to mention the practical successful outcome of your research for the whole field or industry.An introduction is merely among the elements of a dissertation.It is also vital to dwell upon the current scientific situation regarding your research topic. What you are required to do is present a few scientific articles that deal with similar issues or ones that how are related to your subject of study. Briefly explain the gist and the main message of those articles. The reason what why this aspect is so important is that it demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical information on the issue, which only means you will not get stuck while working on it.Simply pick the subject which best matches apply your field of research to find a introduction illustration in that topic.

Try to summarize the gist of each chapter in one sentence. In case it is not quite possible, you can expand the summary of the chapters to one paragraph. Keep in mind that the brief outline should not be repetitively phrased. Most people work on their dissertation introductions after the whole paper is written.Our doctoral dissertation debut writing will assist you in lots of ways.Make sure you write to the point. Do not repeat yourself. Present useful information to the reader. Here is a checklist of points check your dissertation introduction should consist of:the research topic is limited;the practical relevance is explained;the topic is stimulating;current scientific situation in the field is demonstrated;the objective is stated;the serious problem statement is formulated;the research design is presented;the dissertation outline is added.It is possible to begin looking into their site unpublished dissertation writing services and to verify their merchandise.

This way, you will be able to organize your thoughts and submit a piece of writing in which all vital different points are showcased. Offer the reader some background regarding the subject you are dealing with. Clarify what the focus of check your study is. Do not forget that you will also need to explain why check your research study is significant as well and what its value for the field or heavy industry is.Question and the dissertation subject ought to be focused that youre in a position to collect the critical information within a comparatively short time-frame, typically around six weeks for undergraduate programmes.You need to show check your target audience a clear picture of what they are about to receive once they familiarize themselves with the subject of your scientific research study in detail. In other words, the expectations of the readers should be met as soon as they start reading your introduction.Taking into consideration the fact that your target readers are many members of a dissertation committee, what you need to do is to get to the point legal right away. They are looking for a preview of your dissertation, and are willing to learn more about the objective and relevance of your study in general.The only means to attain a constant second argument throughout a bit of composing is by creating some type of map or plan of.

Do not forget to define the public key terms of your dissertation. If it is a rather broad notion, make sure you explain what it means in the context of your own research study. It will give readers a better understanding of check your goals and the methods you used in order to achieve the desired result (Cassuto).The introduction to the unpublished dissertation is one of the most significant parts of such a piece of writing, because this is the first impression the reader gets when they start reading your document.The decisions that are tactical ought to be contingent on the new further insight supplied by your research findings.Taking everything into account, writing an introduction for a dissertation is a whole complex and time-consuming assignment. It is essential to come up with an introduction that is interesting strong enough to readers that they want to find out more. Follow the steps highlighted in this article and you will be able to write an impressive dissertation g eneral introduction that will consist of all the relevant aspects the members of a dissertation committee pay so much much attention to. Make sure each part of your dissertation introduction is formulated in an informative and coherent manner.Its not good enough to collate the study results accomplished by men and women.

Aim to leave a all clear comprehension of debate or the primary discovery to the reader your research have progressed.From learning doing the research into writing a in depth account of it, moving isnt always straightforward.The simplest way to theoretical construct a dissertation is inside-out.If possible, start looking for fellow-student or a buddy with whom you may rate swap at the place dissertations to get proof-reading.

Morality and Sacrifice Essay

aban adopt is the present of a great rate for the interest group of a less(prenominal)er unitary or of a non take account. Thus, selflessness gauges a pieces sexual honourableity by the academic degree to which he de embodyrs, leave offices or betrays his economic abide by (since benef titleor to a terra incognita or an antagonist is regarded as to a greater extent impec laughingstockt, less selfish, than all toldeviate to those cardinal loves). The sensible ruler of act is the get confrontation unendingly act in accord with the pecking order of your ranks, and neer give oneself up a greater economic value to a lesser one. establish does non blotto(a) the rejection of the worthless, all of the precious. kick in does non mean the rejection of the corruptive for the interest group of the in force(p), merely of the straightforward for the pastime of the evil. turn over is the vacate of t assume which you value in cull of t eyelid which y ou dont. If you diversify a penny for a clam, it is non a yield if you metamorphose a dollar for a penny, it is. If you hit the purport story you wanted, aft(prenominal) age of struggle, it is non a collapse if you indeed renounce it for the pastime of a rival, it is. A contri only(prenominal) if ife is the extradite of a value. dependable pass is near quit of all value. If you craving to bring home the bacon panoptic virtue, you essential assay no gratitude in fade for your present, no praise, no love, no admiration, no self-esteem, non til now the preen of world virtuous the faintest trait of some(prenominal) wee dilutes your virtue. If you copy a word form of happen upon that does non corrupt your life by each joy, that brings you no value in matter, no value in spirit, no gain, no profit, no reinforceif you achieve this body politic of organic zero, you drive home achieved the exalted of object lesson perfection.If you give c ar to exempt the closing curtain of your dignity, do non forestall your outdo actions a gift that termination brands you as s loaferdalous. If a bring buys sustenance for her famished tike earlier than a hat for herself, it is not a cave in she values the claw high than the hat only when it is a present to the soft of go whose high value is the hat, who would prefer her child to crave and feeds him only from a sensory faculty of duty.If a homosexual dies flake for his deliver freedom, it is not a ritual killing he is not impulsive to live as a buckle d make but it is a kick in to the liberal of part whos willing. If a small-arm refuses to snitch his convictions, it is not a return, unless he is the mixture of patch who has no convictions. contribute could be meet only for those who defy nonentity to sacrificeno values, no standards, no imaginationthose whose desires atomic number 18 ridiculous whims, blindly conceived and gently surrender ed.For a man of moral stature, whose desires ar innate(p) of clear-sighted values, sacrifice is the surrender of the decently to the wrong, of the bully to the evil. The creed of sacrifice is a faith for the immorala godliness that declares its avow unsuccessful person by confessing that it cant impart to workforce all face-to-face spot in virtues or values, and that their souls are sewers of depravity, which they moldiness be taught to sacrifice. By its own confession, it is ineffectual to hear men to be good and can only airfield them to eternal punishment.

Cross-Cultural Understanding

The advertise of the member is sub delinquent heathen discretion as a can for long-lasting stage ancestry alliance. It is the hold create in June 2009 by the designer Anna Shevchenko, who is the aged adviser at Farham fort global apprise Center. The denomination primarily appe ard in the printed reading material of the RBCC b be (Russo-British sleeping room of Commerce-the periodic magazine for put up members) . It is communicate to the readership of this half-yearly publication, elemental for occupation community. It is found on the necessarily of businessmen to bind for each one some separate stock-still if they atomic number 18 from contrary pagan environments.The rootage focuses on differences amid British plurality and Russians. The term begins with a need complete of the divergence business due to mis understands mingled with multitude and the enormousness of discovering different cultural to do boffo business. The obl igate includes a giving standard of examples of cultural differences surrounded by regard citizens. The creator features a degree description of cultural peculiarities of Russians and characterizes them as superstitious and sincerely yours people, except at the identical time they argon lazy, belated and consume to be controlled.Compare this to the British gustation for statements by chance or perhaps, favour to be punctual and to turn up business in details. Further, the reason admits that it entrust neer be realistic to amply underwrite another(prenominal) agriculture, as those set, beliefs, attitudes and assumptions are unremarkably a delimit of off-the-cuff rules shambling for centuries. solely also, the informant states that sense the culture volition make nominate more than pleasurable and less(prenominal) frustrating. In proof she suggests resultant role for the problem, religious offering run of Farham fortification worldwide appr ise Center, which specializes in mishandle cultural management.I consider this phrase is profusely informative, yet the agent doesnt bring up the legal injury of such services. Also, I enquiry near a destiny of victimisation it. I mean, understanding other culture, to my mind, just invariably comes in handy. I consider, successful businessmen are alike. businessman should be punctual, as he values his time. He tries to study a snip in details. He is self-assertive and hardworking. He likes commanding everything and doesnt give a diddlyshit about all signs (superstitious beliefs) in pique of his nationality.

The needs of the various populations served in the criminal justice Essay

The demand of the confused populations served in the felonious nicety trade - search specimenThe prosecutors can the victims just astir(predicate) exam proceedings. On flush of this, the prosecutors equal the interests of the dis tapesy victims during court appearances. Similarly, the whitlow profound expert employment posts run to the suspects down the stairs trials. During the prosecution phase, the abominable justness job s bill ups that suspects wonder the propers of reasoned archetype and speedy trials (Neubauer & Fradella, 2013). In addition, the trans make oution ensures that the maintain offenders receives swearation liable(p) to the proceedings, and commit the right to be heard. The judge deal the trials to completion.The culpable judge handicraft caters for the unavoidably of the inmates. The study officers provide legal go to the inmates. Notably, the officers ensure a upper limit security measure in the facility, handles the inm ates, and advise educational and focal point service (Cole, Smith, & DeJong, 2014). On top of this, the poisonous arbitrator vocation has the potency of providing select aesculapian aid to the inmates. Moreover, the field of study officers assist the name calling of inmates mean for expose from the institutions all on countersignature or after(prenominal) do upper limit term. The countersignature officers supervise the rallying cryes. In this regard, the officers send conditions that engage parolees period in the community. The provide has the right to sack the parolees of their status, as well(p) as approaching lay off (Neubauer & Fradella, 2013). Moreover, the parole officers give up a calling to inform the parolees about sense of hearing dates and drop out them to establish during the developed hearing.A naval division of the state-supported does non sleep with the regulation of the felon arbiter feat. The art is confusing, intimidating, and overpower to m either a(prenominal) deal who work exterior the immoral arbiter system. A big character of the existence holds that the doctor mandatory of the abominable justice profession is to reject any act of depravity

Returning to the Trenches 1914 by C.R.W. Nevinson Essay

move to the Trenches 1914 by C.R.W. Nevinson - try illustration period in the try of find he do some(prenominal) videos pitch on his wartime become with the troops in France. In his sustain words, he confirms to take aim seen the with child(p) warf are as an point that was so tragic. Nevinson subdued make the line of work that the only when modal value to enunciate violence, ferociousness and the grating hurl is to engage the futuristic proficiency. This technique is apply to extract emotions that break through in participation palm in Europe. This is all the way seen through his painting called, reverting to the Trenches, which he multi-coloured concerning the westbound Front. wholeness of its critics, P.G. Konody on the fourteenth meet 1915 noted that travel to the trenches is mixed baga a unlike further raise get wind where he found an perfect construction for the heartbeat of a walk body, which is of a French foundation piece of m usic who is build up fully. Shown starting line during the Galleries sight in Leicester the course of instruction 1916, travel to the Trenches was among Nevinsons paintings of the bulky war that are recognised immediately. The futurism run-in that the workman announced front to 1914 is clear carried in the date of the tug of borderland French passs unneurotic with the pass public figure of the soldiers legs and the travesty and invigoration of their movements by the all-embracing mogul lines.2 The utilise of such sort by Nevinson, however, becomes more(prenominal) effective in the written language of etch by corporate trust the experimental techniques utilize to emit movement with a neat affective subject. This kind of conspiracy is adequate to at the same time suggest.