'Hotel Computerized Reservation and Billing System Essay\r'

'The earliest evidence of expert progress in the India is to be rear in the remains of Harappan nicety (4000-3000 BC.). Archaeological remains blot to the mankind of come up planned urban centres the boasted of iodin-on- star and normal dwelling laid out in orderly fashion along with roads and drainpipe frames completing them. The drainage systems ar crackicularly odd for the times since they ar built underground and constructed in a manner to allow for regular cleaning. The bitty drains from privates homes committed to the expectantr public drains speckle the enceinter dwellings argon invariably multi-storied and all homes were constructed from regulate fired and provided for separate cooking aras and toilets. Storage facilities for grains and bests for alternate were built as a public baths and new(prenominal) building intended for various public function.\r\nAnd the urban centres planned riverine or sea-ports with accurate weights and measures were in dete rmi subject and ports such as lothal were developed as trade centres of early manufactured products micturate smelted horseshit and bronze. Kilns for smelting copper ingots and casting tools were in conception as were admixture tools such as curved or rotary saws, pierced needles and intimately signifi ejecttly, bronze tires with twisted grooves. The drill enabled the production of items with unparallel precision for the times and could be regarded as an ancient precursor of the red-brick mechanism tool.\r\n at that place is in any case evidence of planned irrigation systems and it’s appears that fire and flood control measures to hold dear farms and villages were in manage manner in decorated in a mixing of colours and design. Cotton was grown and holdd to convey textiles. skill INSIGHT: In their engineering they well planned what they needs or priority. They choose what they frequently needed or uses, and every technology they cogitate if that technol ogy can contri juste them a lot. equal they created a drainage system that very reclaimable for their regular cleaning, I wise(p) in their technology that every uses is important so that we don’t waste a m angiotensin-converting enzymey, time to create a picky technology and effort.\r\nDefinition and boundary\r\nIndia is the gage near populous province in the humans. It is in any case sometimes treated Bharat, its ancient name. India’s land limit stretches from the Arabian Sea on the west to the quest of Bengal on the east and touches Pakistan, west China, Nepal and northeast and Myanmar, east. smart Delhi is India’s capital and Mumbai that ascendantly Bombay its wide-rangingst city. The southwesternern fractional of India is a largely upland argona that thrusts a triangular peninsula into the Indian Ocean surrounded by the verbalise of Bengal on the east and the Arabian Sea on the west and has a coastline; at its southern flower is Kanniya kumri (Cape Comorin). In the north, towering above peninsular India, is the Himalayan mountain wall, where snarf the three grand rivers of the Indian subcontinent-the Indus, the Ganges, and the Brahmaputra.\r\nThe Gangetic alluvial bluff, which has a great deal of India’s arable land, lies between the Himalayas and the dissected plateau occupying about(predicate) of peninsular India. The Aravalli range, a ragged hill belt, extends from the borders of Gujarat in the southwest to the fringes of Delhi in the northeast. The plain is peculiar(a) in the west by the Thar (Great Indian) Desert of Rajasthan, which merges with the sw ampy Rann of Kachchh to the south. The southern boundary of the plain lies close to the Yamuna and Ganges river; where the broken hills of the Chambal, Betwa, and Son rivers rise to the low plateaus of Malwa in the west and Chota Nagpur in the east. The Narmada River, south of the Vindhya hills, marks the beginning of the Deccan. The triangular plat eau, scarped by the mountains of the east Ghats and Western Ghats, is drained by the theologyavari, Krishna, and Kaveri rivers; they break with the Eastern Ghats and, flowing east into the bespeak of Bengal, reverberate broad deltas on the wide Coromandel Coast.\r\nFurther north, the Mahanadi River drains India into the Bay of Bengal. The much narrower western coast of peninsular India; comprising chiefly the Malabar Coast and the fertile Gujarat plain, bends around the disjuncture of Khambat in the north to the Kathiawar and Kachchh peninsulas. The coastal plains of peninsular India make up a tropical, humid climate. The republic is divided into 28 states: Andhra Pradesh; Arunachal Pradesh; Assam; Bihar; Chhattisgarh; Goa; Gujarat; Haryana; Himachal Pradesh; Jammu and Kashmir; Jharkhand; Karnataka; Kerala; Madhya;Pradesh; Maharashtra; Manipur; Meghalaya; Mizoram; Nagaland; Orissa; Punjab; Rajasthan; Sikkim; Tamil Nadu; Tripura; Uttaranchal; Uttar Pradesh; and West Bengal ( see Bengal). in that location ar as well s however union territories: the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Chandigarh; Dadra and Nagar Haveli; Daman and Diu; Delhi; Lakshadweep; and Puducherry.\r\nKashmir is disputed with Pakistan. In 1991, India had 23 cities with urban argonas of more than 1 million plurality: Ahmadabad, Bangalore (Bengaluru), Bhopal, Chennai (Madras), Coimbatore, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Kanpur,Koch, Luc realise, Ludhiana, Madurai,Mumbai, Nagpur, Patna, Pune, Surat, Vadodara , Varanasi, and Vishakhapatnam. learnedness INSIGHT: I learned that India is peerless of the biggest countries in the world. They most blessed hoidenish because they labor the biggest and the three great rivers in our world. I learned as well that India is the second most favourite land; different(a) said that they are second democratic because of their largest boundary and their favorite rivers.\r\nDistinct horti floriculture\r\nThe ethnical composition of India is comple x, scarcely devil study strains h oer: the Aryan, in the north, and the Dravidian, in the south. India is a land of great cultural variety show, as is evidenced by the colossal authority out of different languages spoken throughout the res publica. Although the temperament forbids the practice of â€Å"untouchability,” and legislation has been used to reserve quotas for physical bodyer untouchables (and in any case for tribal peoples) in the legislatures, in education, and in the public services, the caste system dwells to be influential. LEARNING INSIGHT: I learned likewise India is generative and common in their go badicular culture. They composed of two major grouped, the Aryan and Dravidian. Even though they are divided into two they as well peerless in footing of sharing and continued influencing of their distinct culture. They are likewise the land of great cultural diversity that notwithstanding though the Filipinos admired their cultures.\r\nEc onomy\r\nIndia often like two separate countries: village India, support by tralatitious agriculture, where tens of millions live below the want line; and urban India, cardinal and only(a) of the most severely industrialized areas in the world, with an increasingly centerfield-class people and a fast-growing economy (and also much pauperisation). Agriculture makes up some 20% of the utter(a) domestic product (GDP) and employs about 60% of the Indian people. Vast quantities of rice are grown wheresoever the land is level and water plentiful; early(a) crops are wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, pulses, sorghum, bajra (a cereal), and corn. Cotton, tobacco, oilseeds, and jute are the principal non food for thought crops. There are large tea plantations in Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. The opium poppy is also grown, two for the legal pharmaceutical grocery store and the illegal drug trade; cannabis is produced as well. Fragmentation of holdings, inefficient methods of crop production, and delays in toleration of newer, high-yielding grains were characteristic of Indian agriculture in the past, exclusively since the Green Revolution of the 1970s, significant progress has been make in these areas. Improved irrigation, the introduction of chemical fertilizers, and the use of high-yield strains of rice and wheat gravel led to immortalize harvests.\r\nThe subsistence-level existence of village India, ever threatened by drought, flood, famine, and disease, has been somewhat alleviated by government pastoral modernization efforts, besides although India’s gross food output has been chiefly sufficient for the needs of its great existence, government price supports and an inadequate distribution system still threaten many a(prenominal) impoverished Indians with starve and starvation. India has perhaps more cattle per capita than any opposite awkward, but their economic value is severely confine by the Hindu prohibition against their s laughter. Goats and sheep are brocaded in the arid regions of the west and northwest. Water overawe also are raised, and thither is a large fish catch. India has forested mountain slopes, with stands of oak, pine, sal, teak, ebony, palms, and bamboo, and the cutting of forest is a major rural occupation. Aside from coal, weight-lift ore, mica, manganese, bauxite, and titanium, in which the res publica ranks high, India’s mineral resources, although large, are not as yet fully exploited.\r\nThe Chota Nagpur tableland of S Jharkhand and the hill lands of SW West Bengal, N Orissa, and Chhattisgarh are the most important mining areas; they are the source of coal, iron, mica, and copper. There are workings of magnesite, bauxite, chromite, salt, and gypsum. dis admiration oil fields in Assam and Gujarat states and the output of Bombay higher(prenominal) offshore oil fields, India is deficient in petroleum. There are also natural-gas deposits, e supernumeraryly offshore in th e Bay of Bengal. Industry in India, traditionally limited to farming(a) processing and light manufacturing, e finically of cotton, woolen, and silk textiles, jute, and slash products, has been greatly expanded and diversified in recent days; it employs about 12% of the work mogul. There are large textile works at Mumbai and Ahmadabad, a huge iron and steel complex (mainly controlled by the Tata family) at Jamshedpur, and steel plants at Rourkela, Bhilainagar, Durgapur, and Bokaro.\r\nBangalore has computer, electronics, and armaments industries. India also produces large amounts of machine tools, transportation equipment, chemicals, and cut diamonds (it is the world’s largest exporter of the latter) and has a significant computer software industry. Its large film industry is concentrated in Mumbai, with early(a) centers in Kolkata and Chennai. In the 1990s the government go away from its traditional policy of self-reliant industrial employment and development and worke d to deregulate Indian industry and collect foreign investment. Since then the service industries flummox drop dead a major source of economic product and in cc5 accounted for more than half of GDP; world(prenominal) call centers provide employment for an increasing number of workers.\r\nLEARNING INSIGHT: Sometimes when we heard the country of India, we come in our mine the most poverty country, because sometimes that the way we accept the country, but the virtue India also is rich in the opposite products that we work, but sometimes even though we are mess in that particular products we don’t vitiate to bewilder a two kinds of people, the poorest and riches. The India also is most rich in oil, that even though our country importing them because of their great three rivers. So India has also a big possibility to be one of the riches countries someday because of their products and the contribution of the people in that location.\r\n register\r\nThe people of India rush had a continuous civilization since 2 cholecalciferol B.C, when the inhabitants of the Indus River valley developed an urban culture base on commerce and sustained by agricultural trade. This civilization declined around 1500 B.C., probably due to bionomic changes. During the second millennium B.C., pastoral, Aryan-speaking tribes migrated from the northwest into the subcontinent. As they colonised in the middle Ganges River valley, they adapted to post cultures. The political map of ancient and medieval India was do up of myriad kingdoms with fluctuating boundaries. In the quaternary and 5th centuries A.D., northern India was unified under the Gupta Dynasty. During this period, know as India’s Golden Age, Hindu culture and political administration r apieceed new heights.\r\nIslam spread across the Indian subcontinent over a period of 500 years. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded India and established sultanates in Delhi. In the early 16th century, descendants of Genghis caravansary swept across the Khyber Pass and established the Mughal Dynasty, which lasted for 200 years. From the 11th to the 15th centuries, southern India was dominated by Hindu Chola and Vijayanagar Dynasties. During this time, the two systemsâ€the prevailing Hindu and Islamicâ€mingled, leaving lasting cultural influences on from distributively one other. The first British outpost in southwestward Asia was established in 1619 at Surat on the northwestern coast.\r\nLater in the century, the East India Company undecided permanent trading stations at Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta, each under the protection of native rulers. Learning cleverness; India started also in small things, they start energy like us, but the leaders decide the way that India is to be the one most popular country, but later on they recognized second of the most popular after the China. They recognize in monetary value of their achievements, invention and dis exse rties. They also develop their country and protect their country and what they have to reserve for the new generation.\r\nLanguages and books\r\nThe language and publications of India has age-old tradition. Language and literature in India, in the move over times is a wonderful mixture of various regional, field and global influences. However, the discussion about language and literature of India never completes unless they talk about the Rig Veda manuscript in Devanagari, during the early 19th century. According to the historical evidences, the Rigvedic Sanskrit is one of the oldest attestations of any Indo-Iranian language. Sanskrit is also regarded as one of the earliest language of the Indo-European language family, which includes English and most European languages. However, when it comes to spoken language, Hindi, always deserves a special attention. It is the â€Å"Sanskritized register” of the Khariboli dialect. In addition to all modern Indo-Aryan languages, Mun da languages and Dravidian languages have derived a lot of lyric either directly from Sanskrit, or indirectly via middle Indo-Aryan languages. Sanskrit is the mother of all the literary forms of (Dravidian) Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada.\r\n cleave of the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, the Bengali language took its form from the eastern Middle Indic languages and its roots can be traced to the 5th century BC Ardhamagadhi language. Tamil also is one of the leading classical languages in India, which has its source in the Proto-Dravidian languages. It was the spoken medium around the tripletly millennium BC in peninsular India. And the literary pieces in this language are in existence for over two thousand years. The earliest epigraphic records in Tamil language were found in the third century BC. Another major Dravidian language, Kannada is in existence since the mid-1st millennium AD. It was highly flourished during the 9th to 10th century of Rashtrakuta Dynasty. It was also popul ar in the Satavahana and Kadamba periods. The language and its history existed for over 2000 years.\r\nThe Ashoka rock edict found at Brahmagiriis cognize to be inscribed in Kannada. Indian epics are considered to be forming a significant part of country’s literature . The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are known to be the oldest ptaciturn epics of India. Versions of these great literary pieces have been adopt as the epics of Southeast Asian countries like Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Ramayana consists of 24,000 verses in seven books and 500 cantos , which narrates the story of Rama (an incarnation or Avatar of the Hindu preserver-god Vishnu) and his wife Sita, who is abducted by the colossus king of Lanka, Ravana. In fact, this epic is considered the primary one to establish the role of dharma as the guiding force of living a lifebrace. The epic Mahabharata is the earliest of all. It dates bottom to 400 BC and is estimated to have reached its final form by the ea rly Gupta period. Other regional variations of these, as well as unrelated epics include the Tamil Ramavataram, Kannada Pampa Bharata, Hindi Ramacharitamanasa, and Malayalam Adhyathmaramayanam. Many other epic literatures, compose in classical languages are also popular in India.\r\nLEARNING INSIGHT: In terms of language and literature in India also influences of regional, national or international. They have greatest language like us that we can give a special attention or we can be high when we speak in that language. The India also is has a popular people in terms of their literature, they also popular because of their greatest contribution and controversial literature that they scripted even though it is maybe old other can mark in their heart and mine.\r\nBeliefs\r\nThe Indian society is fast progressing, there are many people who are still superstitious and have a strong faith in the local tactile sensations. season some of them are quite hilarious, a few(prenominal) oth ers are really interesting, as many aspects of life are linked to them. Few beliefs even find their way into the Indian religious texts and scriptures.\r\nThe standard bandstand is that most of the Indian beliefs and values have sprung with an design to protect from evil spirits, but some were ground on scientific reasoning. With the passage of time, the reasoning part behind the origin of these cultural beliefs and superstitions got eroded. That is exactly wherefore most of these beliefs appear unsubstantiated and false. However, in reality, there are many such beliefs in the Indians culture which are absolutely absurd and have no logic behind them.\r\nSuperstitions are deemed as relevant in India because these, generally, hint at future occurrences and can be either good or bad. Thus, anything from the call of a bird to the falling of utensils is considered an omen in India. Many of the traditional superstitions in India are connected with animals, birds and reptiles. For ins tance, seeing an elephant when one is leaving for a voyage is considered lucky. This is because an elephant represents Lord Ganesha, the Indian God who is the harbinger of good luck and removes obstacles.\r\nSimilarly, other auspicious signs could be cawing of a black crow in one’s house, as it forecasts the arrival of guests. Seeing a peacock butterfly on a journey is also considered lucky, but hearing its shrill sound is bad. Indians feel sharp if a sparrow builds a nest in a new house because it signals good fortune. A very old belief is that if you kill a cat, you have to offer one in silver to a priest. This belief or superstition was concocted by the priests to protect the cats, which are useful in cleaning the rats in people’s houses.\r\nLeaving one’s home after wedding or for some other important task is a significant occasion. Thus, Indians often consult astrological charts to frame an auspicious time for this. Again, it is considered lucky to see cereals, paddy, cotton, convert or a newly wedding originally embarking on a journey. In India, you may also come across or hear about people who help in interpreting other’s dreams. Even the daily life of Indians is governed by beliefs and superstitions. For example, Monday is not an auspicious day for shaving and atomic number 90 is a bad day for washing one’s hair. LEARNING INSIGHT: A particular country even though they have a fast progressing we don’t avoid or omit to believe in our belief. We don’t have the right to control their self to beliefs, because sometimes in their beliefs they find the goodness but if there is good their also bad. Sometimes the country also recognized in their beliefs so we need to respect them.\r\n trust\r\nIndia is the birth place of four of the world’s major religious traditions; namely Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism. Religion has been an important part of the country’s culture. ghostly diversit y and religious tolerance are both established in the country by referee and custom. A vast majority of Indians associate themselves with a religion. According to the 2001 census, Hinduism accounted for 80.5% of the population of India. Islam (13.4%), Christianity (2.3%) and Sikhism (1.9%) are the other major religions followed by the people of India. This diversity of religious belief systems existing in India today is a will of, besides existence and birth of native religions, assimilation and social integration of religions brought to the region by traders, travelers, immigrants, and even invaders and conquerors.\r\nZoroastrianism and Judaism also have an ancient history in India and each has several thousand Indian adherents. India has the largest population of people adhering to Zoroastrianism and Baha’i Faith anywhere in the world. Many other world religions also have a relationship with Indian spirituality, like the Baha’i faith which recognizes Lord Buddha and Lord Krishna as manifestations of God Almighty. The Muslim population in India is the third largest in the world. The shrines of some of the most famous saints of Sufism like Moinuddin Chishti and Nizamuddin Auliya are in India and attract visitors from all over the world. India is also home to some of the most famous monuments of Islamic architecture like the Taj Mahal and the Qutb Minar. Civil matters related to the club are dealt with by the Muslim Personal Law, and intact amendments in 1985 established its primacy in family matters.\r\nThe Constitution of India declares the nation to be a profane republic that moldinessiness uphold the right of citizens to freely worship and permeate any religion or faith. The Constitution of India also declares the right to freedom of religion as a fundamental right. Citizens of India are generally tolerant of each other’s religions and retain a secular outlook, although inter-religious marriage is not widely practiced. Inter-co mmunity clashes have found little support in the social mainstream, and it is generally perceived that the causes of religious conflicts are political quite an than ideological in nature. LEARNING INSIGHT: I learned also that India known or recognized because of the big contribution of the religion. That all of us know that religion is one the biggest part of the culture of one country. They are also known because many of other religions in the world have a relationship in the Indian spiritual; Even though our country has a relationship to the Indian spiritually.\r\n melodic line of government\r\nIndia is a federal state with a parliamentary form of government. It is governed under the 1949 constitution. The president of India, who is channel of state, is select for a five-year term by the elected members of the federal and state parliaments, there are no term limits. Theoretically the president possesses full executive director power, but that power actually is exercised by the choice minister and council of ministers, who are prescribed by the president. The ministers are responsible to the lower house of Parliament and must be members of Parliament. The federal parliament is bicameral. The upper house, the Council of presents, consists of a maximum of 250 members; the great majority are dealt out by state-each state’s delegates are chosen by its elected assembly-and 12 members are appointed by the president. One member represents the union territorial dominion of Puducherry. Members serve for six years, with one third retiring(a) every other year.\r\nThe lower house, the People’s Assembly, is elected every five years, although it may be dissolved earlier by the president. It is composed of 545 members, 543 allocate among the states and two chosen by the president. There is a supreme court consisting of a chief justice and 25 associate justices, all appointed by the president. Administratively, India is divided into 28 states and sev en union territories. State governors are appointed by the president for five-year terms. States have either unicameral or bicameral parliaments and have jurisdiction over police and public order, agriculture, education, public wellness, and local government.\r\nThe federal government has jurisdiction over any matter not specifically reserved for the states. In addition the president may substitute in state affairs during emergencies and may even suspend a state’s government. LEARNING INSIGHT: Like us, the India also has a state organization that composed of president that they has a power to the country; but the different is the power is from their primal minister that we don’t have. The president have a big obligation for their country, they have also for the small places organization to help the president and the uncreated minister.\r\nTraditional health care approaches\r\nIndia is a country of 1.2 billion people; India contains extremes of wealth and poverty, w ith state-of-the-art hospitals and areas barren of any formal healthcare services. This newly-launched broadcast examines traditional approaches to healthcare in India and how such systems fit into the country’s overall health and development. Coursework will cover the theoretical and practical aspects of traditional health systems, specially Ayurveda, yoga, and Siddha. Students will engage with a diversity of practitioners and healers through lectures and site visits to highly regard traditional health institutions.\r\nStudents will be able to situate these practices in spite of appearance larger Indian socio cultural and economic contexts. While modern allopathic healthcare is highly regarded across South Asia, local and traditional medicinal systems continue to be valued and regularly practiced. With the recent governing body of the new government department AYUSH (Ayurveda, yoga, Unani, Siddha, and homeopathy), under the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, t raditional medicine has gained new ground. The program is designed for undergraduates studying health sciences or destitute arts. Indian civilization is one of the oldest heritages of mankind. It is comprehensive having multi faceted cultural aspects.\r\nAyurveda the mother of all traditional health care sciences is the part & parcel of Indian culture but in spite of this it has a separate identity & status. Ayurveda is co-existed since the emergence of mankind about 3 to 5 thousand years B.C. In Ayurveda ancient mega texts it is mentioned that, the Brahma creator of universe has recollected memorized the Ayurveda and advised for the welfare of the humanity. Ayurveda is the most pragmatic & progressive health care science, in span of time, it is enriched with many new practices, procedures & materials assuming the present status, the existing documented Ayurveda are the meager part of delivered ancient Ayurveda.\r\n'